A laser Raman tweezers study of eryptosis

Abstract

Eryptosis—the suicidal death of erythrocytes—is characterized by membrane blebbing and cell shrinkage. Eryptosis can be triggered by various xenobiotics such as carbon monoxide, lead, and amyloid, and by stressors such as oxidative stress, osmotic shock, and rapid alteration of ambient conditions. We have used Raman tweezers spectroscopy to study eryptosis in single, live cells and have attempted to explore the underlying mechanism, specifically to identify possible Raman signatures of eryptosis. Erythrocytes (red blood cells) were exposed to free radicals, silver nanoparticles, glucose, heat, and osmotic shock to induce eryptosis, and a comparison was made of their Raman spectra, which indicated that these conditions lead to a transition of haemoglobin from the R to the T state. Consequences of eryptosis include dehydration, cell shrinkage, and pH changes, which result in deoxygenation of haemoglobin. This, in turn, can be detected by monitoring the wavenumber shifts associated with Raman marker bands of R to T transitions. In addition, the principal component analysis results indicate differentiation among red blood cells undergone eryptosis due to different conditions.

Optical tweezers combined with micro‐Raman investigation of alcohol‐induced changes on single, live red blood cells in blood plasma

“…They concluded with a reduced oxygen‐affinity for the hemoglobin in a major fraction of malarial‐infected RBCs . The effect of free radicals, silver nanoparticles, glucose, and heat on RBCs that can lead to eryptosis were also investigated by monitoring the transition from relaxed to tensed state of hemoglobin …”

“…[11] The effect of free radicals, silver nanoparticles, glucose, and heat on RBCs that can lead to eryptosis were also investigated by monitoring the transition from relaxed to tensed state of hemoglobin. [22,23] The present study is based on inspecting the effect of ethanol on single, live RBC using micro-Raman spectroscopy combined with optical tweezers. High concentration of ethanol is commonly used in clinics for wound cleaning.…”

Development of a flow cell based Raman spectroscopy technique to overcome photodegradation in human blood

“…The Raman peak at 570 cm 1 is associated with the FeO 2 stretching of the central iron atom of the globin unit and the peak at 1635 cm 1 corresponds to the asymmetric C-C stretching mode of the porphyrin skeleton in the hemoglobin molecule. Both of these peaks are known to be sensitive to the oxygenation status of the hemoglobin molecule and increase in intensity upon oxygenation [32,33]. The peaks at 1211 and 1224 cm 1 , correspond to the methane deformation mode and are sensitive to the changes in the deformation angle of the methane group that are caused by conformational changes in the hemoglobin.…”

Recent advances in linear and nonlinear Raman spectroscopy. Part XIII

“…The consequences of eryptosis include dehydration, cell shrinkage, and pH changes, which result in deoxygenation of haemoglobin. This, in turn, can be detected by monitoring the wavenumber shifts associated with Raman marker bands of the R to T transitions . Guo et al studied model transfer for Raman spectroscopy‐based bacterial classification.…”

“…This, in turn, can be detected by monitoring the wavenumber shifts associated with Raman marker bands of the R to T transitions. [64] Guo et al studied model transfer for Raman spectroscopy-based bacterial classification. In particular, a model transfer procedure is needed if the chemometric models are utilized to predict a new data set measured under conditions different to the training data.…”