“…Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) is also widely employed [30,31] in most systems due to the extensive use of advanced graphics and multimedia technology, including three-dimensional animation, sound, and artificial sensory devices. Ko's [14] system may represent a typical example, where a double client-server structure is implemented by using JavaScript and HTML for the graphic interface on the client side, Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW, National Instruments, Baltimore, Maryland) for local instrument control, inetCAM (Inetcam, Inc., San Diego, California) as a video server, and CGI for communication between the client and web server. Other technologies and components, including Java Input-Output Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), Java Applet, Java Database Connectivity (JDBC), Java Servlet, and Microsoft Access database (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington), are also used in virtual laboratories [29].…”