A large-scale matched index of refraction flow facility for LDA studies around complex geometries

Stoots, C. M.; Becker, Stefan; Condie, K. G.; Durst, F.; McEligot, Donald M.

doi:10.1007/s003480000216

Cited by 50 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…It has both a lower coefficient of thermal expansion (5.5 × 10 −7 K −1 ) and a lower RI (1.450-1.460) compared to both borosilicate and soda-lime glasses, although its purity results in it being more expensive than these glasses. Fused quartz has featured in numerous RIM systems, including an RIM facility described by Stoots et al (2001) for the purposes LDA flow studies around complex geometries for which the fused quartz observational sections of the facility were RI matched at 1.459 to a light mineral oil ("Penreco Drakeol #5"). McIlroy et al (2010) then employed this flow system to study the turbulent flow in a gas-cooled reactor part using tomographic PIV.…”

Section: Glassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of solid–fluid selection options for optical-based measurements in single-phase liquid, two-phase liquid–liquid and multiphase solid–liquid flows

2017

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Experimental techniques based on optical measurement principles have experienced significant growth in recent decades. They are able to provide detailed information with high-spatiotemporal resolution on important scalar (e.g., temperature, concentration, and phase) and vector (e.g., velocity) fields in single-phase or multiphase flows, as well as interfacial characteristics in the latter, which has been instrumental to step-changes in our fundamental understanding of these flows, and the development and validation of advanced models with ever-improving predictive accuracy and reliability. Relevant techniques rely upon well-established optical methods such as direct photography, laser-induced fluorescence, laser Doppler velocimetry/phase Doppler anemometry, particle image/tracking velocimetry, and variants thereof. The accuracy of the resulting data depends on numerous factors including, importantly, the refractive indices of the solids and liquids used. The best results are obtained when the observational materials have closely matched refractive indices, including test-section walls, liquid phases, and any suspended particles. This paper reviews solid–liquid and solid–liquid–liquid refractive-index-matched systems employed in different fields, e.g., multiphase flows, turbomachinery, bio-fluid flows, with an emphasis on liquid–liquid systems. The refractive indices of various aqueous and organic phases found in the literature span the range 1.330–1.620 and 1.251–1.637, respectively, allowing the identification of appropriate combinations to match selected transparent or translucent plastics/polymers, glasses, or custom materials in single-phase liquid or multiphase liquid–liquid flow systems. In addition, the refractive indices of fluids can be further tuned with the use of additives, which also allows for the matching of important flow similarity parameters such as density and viscosity

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Section: Glassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of solid–fluid selection options for optical-based measurements in single-phase liquid, two-phase liquid–liquid and multiphase solid–liquid flows

2017

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“…1). Stoots et al [7] presented a detailed review of this system. The system consists of a stainless steel closed flow loop with three polycarbonate and glass test sections.…”

Section: Matched-index-of-refraction (Mir) Flow Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of turbulent flow phenomena for the lower plenum of a prismatic gas-cooled reactor

McIlroy

McEligot

Pink

2010

Nuclear Engineering and Design

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“…Second, the inertial relaxation time of the bubbles should be less than the Kolmogorov time scale. The procedure recommended by Calabrese and Middleman [1979] may be used to estimate the inertial relaxation time [Stoots et al, 2001]. …”

Section: Experimental Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to match the refractive indices, the refractive index of the oil was varied by adjusting the oil temperature via the temperature control system. In an earlier experiment, with the LDV placed so one blue beam passed through a quartz rib and one green beam passed through a quartz horizontal plate of test model, the LDV data acquisition was operated in the two velocity coincidence mode for short time series and the oil temperature was gradually varied [Stoots et al, 2001]. The maximum sampling rate that was obtained served to indicate the best temperature for operation so that the blue and green measuring control volumes are most coincident.…”

Section: Experimental Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of Fundamental Fluid Physics of SNF Storage Canisters

Condie¹,

Creery²,

McEligot³

2001

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SummaryWith the University of Idaho, Ohio State University and Clarksean Associates, this research program has the long-term goal to develop reliable predictive techniques for the energy, mass and momentum transfer plus chemical reactions in drying / passivation (surface oxidation) operations in the transfer and storage of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) from wet to dry storage. Such techniques are needed to assist in design of future transfer and storage systems, prediction of the performance of existing and proposed systems and safety (re)evaluation of systems as necessary at later dates.Many fuel element geometries and configurations are accommodated in the storage of spent nuclear fuel. Consequently, there is no one generic fuel element / assembly, storage basket or canister and, therefore, no single generic fuel storage configuration. One can, however, identify generic flow phenomena or processes which may be present during drying or passivation in SNF canisters. The objective of the INEEL tasks was to obtain fundamental measurements of these flow processes in appropriate parameter ranges.With the University of Idaho, an idealization of a combined drying and passivation approach has been defined in order to investigate the generic flow processes. This simulation includes flow phenomena that occur in canisters for high-enrichment and medium-enrichment fuels, where fuel element spacing in the canister is increased as compared with low enrichment fuel. Canister diameter was taken as 46 cm (18 in.) and a single basket of about 1.3 meters (4 ft.) length was considered. A long central tube ("dip tube") served as the inlet as in one earlier concept for a passivation process; while this concept apparently has not yet been selected for application, it provides an excellent example of the coupled, complex phenomena which may be present in canister flows. Suggested design flow rates for this hypothesized application indicate that the Reynolds number in the inlet tube would be expected to be between 2500 and 5000, i.e., relatively low.The local distributions of convective mass transfer characteristics (drying/passivation) are expected to depend on the freestream turbulence in the flow around stored fuel elements. The magnitudes of this turbulence depend on the turbulence distributions on the upstream side of the perforated basket support plate ("inlet plenum") and, in turn, in the impinging jet and in the inlet tube. This information can assist engineers in understanding variations of surface drying and passivation through an array and approaches to modify designs to counter non-uniformities and to improve iii distribution, as well as providing bases for assessment of computational fluid dynamics codes proposed for the purpose.A water-flow experiment with a 3/4-scale model (relative to the idealized canister) has been used for overall flow visualization and velocity measurements, with and without an array of simulated fuel elements. Observations have been made with perforated plates (representing basket support plates) having...

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A large-scale matched index of refraction flow facility for LDA studies around complex geometries

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

A review of solid–fluid selection options for optical-based measurements in single-phase liquid, two-phase liquid–liquid and multiphase solid–liquid flows

A review of solid–fluid selection options for optical-based measurements in single-phase liquid, two-phase liquid–liquid and multiphase solid–liquid flows

Measurement of turbulent flow phenomena for the lower plenum of a prismatic gas-cooled reactor

Measurements of Fundamental Fluid Physics of SNF Storage Canisters

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