A large scale, high resolution, automated system for rat sleep staging. I. Methodology and technical aspects

Promotion of Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep and Activation of Reticular Thalamic Neurons by a Novel MT2Melatonin Receptor Ligand

“…For this purpose, we compared the effects of UCM765 to those of its class congener UCM793 (Rivara et al, 2007), which exhibits a nonselective MT 1 /MT 2 profile of agonistic activity (MT 1 , pKi ϭ 9.09; MT 2 , pKi ϭ 9.19). In these experiments, sleep parameters were measured between 6:00 and 9:00 P.M., a period during which several NREMS and REMS episodes occur (Ruigt et al, 1989).…”

Review of neural network applications in sleep research

“…For example, the feature extraction carried out by Schaltenbrand et al (1993) was based on the frequency domain of various bioelectrical signals (see Section 3.5 -Schaltenbrand's system) while the data preprocessing performed by Roberts and Tarassenko (1992) relied on analysis in the time domain of a single EEG channel (see Section 3.4 -Roberts' system). This diversity is also observed in non connectionist sleep staging system reviews (Hasan, 1985;Ruigt et al, 1989). Feature extraction is an important stage in development of any sleep-wake staging system and is an interesting 'delicate' subject of investigation.…”

“…Despite numerous studies dedicated to the sleep process (Hasan, 1985;Ruigt et al, 1989;Borbely and Achermann, 1992), its real function remains unknown. The establishment of an hypnogram from electrophysiological records (electroencephalogram 'EEG', electrooculogram 'EOG', electromyogram 'EMG',...) is a highly time-consuming part of sleep experiments and highly subjective.…”

Sleep loss and recovery after administration of drugs related to different arousal systems in rats

“…Our intention by scoring recorded epochs into five categories instead of three was to provide a finer frame for analyzing the level of cortical activation within W and NREM sleep following pharmacologically evoked SD. Scoring of S-W epochs into four or five categories has been used by various automated scoring systems (67,83) and in several other laboratories (12,63). Raw hypnograms were smoothed, i.e., every 32-s period was assigned to the dominant S-W stage (26).…”