A large population study reveals a novel association between congenital color vision deficiency and environmental factors

Color vision deficiency is associated with increased prevalence of amblyopia, strabismus and ametropia: A large population study

“…13 On the other hand, Rajavi et al found a higher incidence of refractive errors among primary school CVD Iranian children, 27 and Machluf et al showed that individuals with either myopia or hyperopia had higher incidence of CVD, compared with emmetropes. 14 Our study, reporting on over 37,000 individuals with CVD, supports the latter studies, nding that CVD is associated with increased prevalence of both moderate and severe ametropia. It is possible that increased ametropia in CVD becomes more apparent with increased age.…”

“…A similar trend was also noted by Machluf et al who reported on CVD rates of 5.10% and 6.73% in lower and higher socioeconomic groups, respectively. 14 However, in their study this difference did not reach statistical signi cance, possibly due to lack of statistical power. This association is di cult to explain and may be multi-factorial but, interestingly, we also found an association between CVD and higher cognitive function tests as well as lower rates of attention de cit disorder, two factors which may potentially in uence income capabilities.…”

“…Our study population came from all over Israel, whereas in a study examining Israelis from the North of Israel the prevalence of CVD was 5.78%. 14 Possible explanations for the population variance in CVD prevalence include natural selection processes, founder events or genetic drift. Considering the relative mild impact CVD has on survivability, previous researchers have favored the theory of founder events in some populations.…”

“…Some researchers found a lower incidence of ametropia and myopia progression in individuals with CVD, whereas others have reported the opposite. [11][12][13][14] The aim of this study is to assess whether CVD is associated with other ophthalmic conditions that may affect vision in other ways besides color identi cation, in a large population study involving young males undergoing medical evaluation for military service.…”