A large population of ‘Lyman-break’ galaxies in a protocluster at redshift z ≈ 4.1

Miley, G. K.; Overzier, Roderik; Tsvetanov, Z.; Bouwens, Rychard; Benı́tez, N.; Blakeslee, John P.; Ford, H. C.; Illingworth, G. D.; Postman, Marc; Rosati, P.; Clampin, Mark; Hartig, G.; Zirm, A.; Röttgering, H. J. A.; Venemans, Bram; Ardila, D. R.; Bartko, F.; Broadhurst, Tom; Brown, Robert A.; Burrows, C. J.; Cheng, E. S.; Cross, Nicholas; Breuck, C. De; Feldman, P. D.; Franx, Marijn; Golimowski, D. A.; Grönwall, C.; Infante, L.; Martel, A. R.; Menanteau, F.; Meurer, G. R.; Sirianni, M.; Kimble, Randy A.; Krist, John; Sparks, W. B.; Tran, H. D.; White, R. L.; Zheng, Wei

doi:10.1038/nature02125

Cited by 119 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It has been suggested that this source is associated with a highly overdense region traced by LAEs and Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs), and thus represents an ancestor of present-day clusters, i.e. a protocluster (Venemans et al 2002(Venemans et al , 2007Miley et al 2004;Intema et al 2006;Overzier et al 2008). Theoretical simulations also suggests that the overdensity associated with TNJ1338 is likely to be an ancestor of a present-day cluster (Chiang, Overzier & Gebhardt 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The environments of Ly α blobs – I. Wide-field Ly α imaging of TN J1338−1942, a powerful radio galaxy at z ≃ 4.1 associated with a giant Ly α nebula★

Saito

Matsuda

Lacey

et al. 2015

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The environments of Ly α blobs – I. Wide-field Ly α imaging of TN J1338−1942, a powerful radio galaxy at z ≃ 4.1 associated with a giant Ly α nebula★

Saito

Matsuda

Lacey

et al. 2015

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…Chapman et al 2000;Hall et al 2001). Overdensities of Hα emitters (Kurk et al 2004a;Tanaka et al 2011), Lyman Break Galaxies (Miley et al 2004), BzKselected sources (Galametz et al 2009) and red sequence galaxies (Doherty et al 2010) have also been reported in the vicinities of HzRGs. Large rotation measures within the HzRG environments (Carilli et al 1997) are indicative of dense, X-ray emitting cluster atmospheres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Overdensities of 24 μm sources in the vicinities of high-redshift radio galaxies

Mayo

Vernet

Breuck

et al. 2012

A&A

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We present a statistical study of the environments of 63 high-redshift radio galaxies (HzRGs) between redshifts 1 ≤ z ≤ 5.2, using the 24 μm waveband of the MIPS instrument aboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. Using a counts-in-cell analysis, a statistically significant source overdensity is found in 1.75 radius circular cells centred on the HzRGs when compared to reference fields. We report an average overdensity of δ (=N targets /N reference ) = 2.2 ± 1.2 at a flux density cut of f 24 μm = 0.3 mJy. This result implies that HzRGs are likely to lie in protoclusters of active and star-forming galaxies at high redshift. Over 95% of our targeted HzRGs lie in higher than average density fields. Further, 20 (32%) of our selected fields are found to be overdense to at least a 3σ significance, of which 9 are newly identified protocluster candidates. We observe a weak correlation between redshift and 24 μm source density, and discuss the populations being probed at different redshifts. In our uniformly selected sample, which was designed to cover two orders of magnitude in radio luminosity throughout z = 1−4, we find that the 24 μm source density does not depend on radio luminosity. We also compare this result with recent work describing IRAC source overdensities around the same HzRGs and find correlations between the results.

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“…Jiang et al 2007;Kurk et al 2007). Overdensities (of the order of a few) of star-forming galaxies suggest that at least some RGs are associated with rare peaks in the large-scale structure (e.g., Pentericci et al 2000;Miley et al 2004;Venemans et al 2002Venemans et al , 2007. Similarly, the number counts of faint i-dropouts toward two z ∼ 6 QSOs (Stiavelli et al 2005;Zheng et al 2006;Kim et al 2009) also indicate a possible enhancement (see Overzier et al 2009, for a detailed discussion).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

STELLAR MASSES OF LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES, Lyα EMITTERS, AND RADIO GALAXIES IN OVERDENSE REGIONS ATz= 4-6

Overzier

Shu

Zheng

et al. 2009

ApJ

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We present new information on galaxies in the vicinity of luminous radio galaxies (RGs) and quasars at z 4, 5, and 6. These fields were previously found to contain overdensities of Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) or spectroscopic Lyα emitters, which were interpreted as evidence for clusters-in-formation ("protoclusters"). We use Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer data to infer stellar masses from stellar synthesis models calibrated against the Millennium Run simulations, and contrast our results with large samples of LBGs in more average environments as probed by the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS). The following results were obtained. First, LBGs in both overdense regions and in the field at z = 4-5 lie on a very similar sequence in a z -[3.6] versus 3.6 μm color-magnitude diagram. This is interpreted as a sequence in stellar mass (M * ∼ 10 9 -10 11 M ) in which galaxies become increasingly red due to dust and age as their star formation rate (SFR) increases, while their specific SFR stays constant. Second, the two RGs are among the most massive objects (M * ∼ 10 11 M ) known to exist at z 4-5, and are extremely rare based on the low number density of such objects as estimated from the ∼25× larger area GOODS survey. We suggest that the presence of the massive (radio) galaxies and associated supermassive black holes has been boosted through rapid accretion of gas or merging inside overdense regions. Third, the total stellar mass found in the z = 4 protocluster TN1338 accounts for <30% of the stellar mass on the cluster red sequence expected to have formed at z 4, based on a comparison with the massive X-ray cluster Cl1252 at z = 1.2. Although future near-infrared observations should determine whether any massive galaxies are currently being missed by our UV/Lyα selections, one possible explanation for this mass difference is that TN1338 evolves into a smaller cluster than Cl1252. This raises the interesting question of whether the most massive protocluster regions at z > 4 remain yet to be discovered.

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A large population of ‘Lyman-break’ galaxies in a protocluster at redshift z ≈ 4.1

Cited by 119 publications

References 21 publications

The environments of Ly α blobs – I. Wide-field Ly α imaging of TN J1338−1942, a powerful radio galaxy at z ≃ 4.1 associated with a giant Ly α nebula★

The environments of Ly α blobs – I. Wide-field Ly α imaging of TN J1338−1942, a powerful radio galaxy at z ≃ 4.1 associated with a giant Ly α nebula★

Overdensities of 24 μm sources in the vicinities of high-redshift radio galaxies

STELLAR MASSES OF LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES, Lyα EMITTERS, AND RADIO GALAXIES IN OVERDENSE REGIONS ATz= 4-6

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