A large outbreak of human salmonellosis traced to a local pig farm

Maguire, Helen; Codd, A. A.; Mackay, V. E.; Rowe, B.; Mitchell, Elizabeth

doi:10.1017/s0950268800068151

Cited by 66 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Epidemiological investigations have shown that poultry, poultry products, pork and raw milk are the most common sources of sporadic outbreaks of human salmonellosis 19,20,32 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective study on the incidence of Salmonella isolations in animals in South Africa, 1996 to 2006

Kidanemariam¹,

Engelbrecht²,

Picard³

2010

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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A retrospective study that involves the analysis of laboratory diagnostic data collected during the period 1996-2006 was conducted. A total of 3417 Salmonella isolations involving 183 different serotypes was recorded from 1999-2006, inclusive, at the Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Agricultural Research Council, South Africa. The most common serotypes were Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (917 incidents), Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Dublin (248 incidents), Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Enteritidis (232 incidents), Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Muenchen (164 incidents), Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Heidelberg (118 incidents) and Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Chester (113 incidents). The number of recorded Salmonella isolations over the period 1996 to 2006 varies considerably from year to year. The peak of 693 isolations was recorded in 1997, and the lowest, 108 incidents, in 2001. Of the total incidents recorded during the period of survey, 2410 (70.5 %) occurred in poultry and other birds, 641 (18.75 %) occurred in cattle, 255 (7.46) in pigs and 111 (3.24 %) in sheep. Despite the large number of serotypes isolated (183), 52% of incidents were due to only 6 serotypes in decreasing order of prevalence : S. Typhimurium, S. Dublin, S. Enteritidis, S. Muenchen, S. Heidelberg and S. Chester. Serovar Typhimurium was the most common serotype and was detected in all animal species sampled, with, 65 % (598) of the incidents occurring in poultry and 20 % (187) occurring in cattle. Of the total of 248 incidents of S. Dublin serotype, 95.6 % (237) of incidents occurred in cattle and of the 232 isolates of S. Enteritidis, 223 (96 %) originated from poultry. Serovar Choleraesuis was identified in 16 isolates from pigs. The following 4 serotypes were each recorded in more than 50 incidents : S. Hadar (102), S. Schwarzengrund (99), S. Mbandaka (94) and S. Sandiego (73). The trends of annual incidence of Salmonella infection in cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry and other birds during the 11-year period and the distribution of the main serotypes in individual species of animals from 1996-2006 are discussed

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“…Epidemiological investigations have shown that poultry, poultry products, pork and raw milk are the most common sources of sporadic outbreaks of human salmonellosis 19,20,32 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective study on the incidence of Salmonella isolations in animals in South Africa, 1996 to 2006

Kidanemariam¹,

Engelbrecht²,

Picard³

2010

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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“…During the 1990s, the importance of pork as a source of human salmonellosis was increasingly recognized [2][3][4], and several generalized outbreaks implicating pork and pork products as vehicles for Salmonella infection have been described [e.g. [5][6][7][8][9][10]. In the late 1990s, the proportion of human salmonellosis cases attributable to pork and pork products was estimated to be approximately 10 % of all cases in Denmark, 15 % in The Netherlands and 20 % in Germany [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The occurrence and epidemiology of Salmonella in European pig slaughterhouses

Hald

Wingstrand²,

Swanenburg³

et al. 2003

Epidemiol. Infect.

101

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SUMMARYThis study was part of an international research project entitled SALINPORK (FAIR CT-950400) initiated in 1996. The objectives were to investigate the occurrence of Salmonella in pig slaughterhouses and to identify risk factors associated with the contamination of pig carcasses. Data was collected from 12 slaughterhouses in five European countries. Isolates were characterized by serotyping, phage typing and antimicrobial susceptibility. In one country, no Salmonella was found. Salmonella was isolated from 5 . 3% of 3485 samples of pork and from 13 . 8% of 3573 environmental samples from the seven slaughterhouses in the four remaining countries. The statistical analyses (multi-level logistic regression) indicated that the prevalence was significantly higher during the warmer months and that the environmental contamination increased during the day of slaughter. The polishing (OR 3 . 74, 95% CI 1 . 43-9 . 78) and pluck removal (OR 3 . 63, 95 % CI 1 . 66-7 . 96) processes were found to contribute significantly to the total carcass contamination, the latter especially if the scalding water also was contaminated. To reduce carcass contamination, it is recommended to ensure sufficiently high temperatures of scalding water (62 xC) and appropriate cleaning and disinfection of the polishing equipment at least once a day in order to reduce the level of carcass contamination and consequently the prevalence of Salmonella in pork.

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“…Although it has been well established that poultry is a major source of food-poisoning caused by Salmonella [12], pork also contributes to human infections [13,19]. ELISA is a valuable tool to detect infected pigs [14] because it is inexpensive and rapid compared with the bacteriological method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a complete ELISA using Salmonella lipopolysaccharides of various serogroups allowing to detect all infected pigs

Proux¹,

Houdayer²,

Humbert³

et al. 2000

Vet. Res.

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-Although poultry is recognized as the major source of food-poisoning caused by Salmonella, pork also contributes to human infections. This study was therefore undertaken in order to develop a reliable serological method for the evaluation of the Salmonella status of piglets. A complete ELISA was performed using lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella Typhimurium, Anatum, Hadar and Infantis because these serovars were representative of the serogroups isolated from 30 contaminated fattening farms. S. Enteritidis was also added because of its importance in human infection and to include the O : 9 antigen. This method potentially detects 100% of infected pigs. A significant correlation was found between this serological method and the bacteriological data from mesenteric lymph nodes (p = 0.01). In addition, both sensitivity and specificity were high (97% and 94% respectively). The ELISA test was therefore used in a cross-sectional study on 4 farms to evaluate when pigs became contaminated: seropositive pigs were only found for the 20 week old finishing pigs. The antibody response to Salmonella in piglets was also investigated: maternal antibodies persisted until 7 weeks of age and post-Salmonella contamination seroconversion was detected from 8 weeks of age onwards.ELISA / Salmonella / pig / epidemiology Résumé -Mise au point d'une méthode ELISA complète basée sur des lipopolysaccharides de plusieurs sérogroupes permettant de détecter tous les porcs infectés par des salmonelles. Bien que la volaille soit la principale source d'intoxication alimentaire par les salmonelles, le porc contribue aussi à la contamination humaine. Cette étude a été menée pour mettre au point une technique sérologique permettant d'évaluer le statut infectieux des porcelets vis-à-vis des salmonelles. Une technique ELISA dite complète a été élaborée avec des lipopolysaccharides de Salmonella Typhimurium, Anatum, Hadar et Infantis, sérovars représentatifs des sérogroupes isolés dans 30 élevages engraisseurs contaminés. S. Enteritidis a été ajoutée en raison de son importance dans les infections humaines et afin d'inclure l'antigène O : 9. Cette méthode permet de dépister potentiellement 100 % Vet. Res. 31 (2000) [481][482][483][484][485][486][487][488][489][490] 481

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A large outbreak of human salmonellosis traced to a local pig farm

Cited by 66 publications

References 3 publications

Retrospective study on the incidence of Salmonella isolations in animals in South Africa, 1996 to 2006

Retrospective study on the incidence of Salmonella isolations in animals in South Africa, 1996 to 2006

The occurrence and epidemiology of Salmonella in European pig slaughterhouses

Development of a complete ELISA using Salmonella lipopolysaccharides of various serogroups allowing to detect all infected pigs

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