A large drawing of a nephron for teaching medical students renal physiology, histology, and pharmacology

Robinson, Philip G.; Newman, D. L.; Reitz, Cara; Vaynberg, Lena Z.; Bahga, Dalbir; Levitt, Morton

doi:10.1152/advan.00022.2017

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A creatinine level higher than 1.2 for women and higher than 1.4 for men may be an early marker that the kidneys are not operating precisely. (34)(35)(36)(37) Unfortunately, our findings can only be validated in the obesity group and cannot necessarily be proven to have the same results in the DM and hypertension subjects, which are also subjects with risk factors for impaired kidney function. This study also cannot confirm that the measured serum NO is synthesized by eNOS, nNOS, or iNOS in pathological conditions, but the relevance of obesity as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome with an accumulation of inflammatory cytokines will certainly induce iNOS activation to produce NO which has opposite effect to eNOS as vascular protection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan of Mycelia Extract Posses Renal Protection Potential and Reduces Nitric Oxide in Obese Subjects

et al. 2022

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BACKGROUND: Obesity has been widely reported to be associated with loss of kidney function. The efficacy of β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan as a traditional medicine for the improvement of inflammation and vascular status in obesity has known. However, there have been no further studies that prove the effect of β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan in inhibiting kidney injury as an impact of chronic inflammation exposure on obesity. This study aimed to investigate the impact of β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan from mycelia extract supplementation on renal function improvement based on serum nitric oxide (NO), ureum, and creatinine levels.METHODS: This was a randomized control trial study involving 69 obese subjects treated with or without β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan supplementation. The serum NO, ureum, and creatinine levels of the subjects were measured at baseline and post-treatment using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and then statistically analyzed with paired T-test.RESULTS: Although slightly decrease, no significant difference was found between the ureum and creatinine level at the baseline and and post-treatment (p=0.806, p=0.306, respectively) after β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan supplementation. Serum NO levels significantly decrease after treatment of β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan (p<0.001).CONCLUSION: Current study concludes that β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan from mycelia extract does not significantly lower urea and creatinine level, however, significantly able to reduce the serum NO concentration in obese subjects. Therefore, β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan from mycelia extract might have the renal protection potential in obesity.KEYWORDS: β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan, Ganoderma lucidum, renal function improvement, obesity

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan of Mycelia Extract Posses Renal Protection Potential and Reduces Nitric Oxide in Obese Subjects

et al. 2022

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“…The bank of questions included in the questionnaire was generated by the author based on informal discussions with the previous veterinary student cohort and with the Drawing Master at the University of Helsinki Art Room, Vappu Rossi. Literature was also used in formulating the questions (Richardson, 2004; De la Croix et al, 2011; Ibrahim and Hussein, 2016; Robinson et al, 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drawing in Veterinary Anatomy Education: What Do Students Use It For?

Laakkonen

2020

Anatomical Sciences Ed

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In contrast to medical education, information on the use of arts as a learning approach is scarce in veterinary anatomy. The aim of this prospective, questionnaire-based study was to survey students' use of drawing in various aspects of veterinary anatomy learning (selfstudy, examinations, preparation for, and reflection on cadaver dissection). The quantitative data showed that first-year students with artistic preferences used drawing significantly more often in most aspects of anatomy learning than students with no such preferences, apart from the reported use of drawing in examinations and for reflection after cadaver dissection. The lack of significant correlations of the reported use of drawing in examinations with any other study variable provided support for the author's observation that studentgenerated drawings are not as commonly used in examinations as previously. In contrast to the study hypothesis, previous university studies did not correlate significantly with any aspect of the use of drawing in anatomy learning. None of the reported uses of drawing addressed the benefits of drawing in learning the comparative anatomy of animal species, a characteristic distinguishing veterinary anatomy from human anatomy. Qualitative student feedback indicated that encouragement and teacher-produced images would increase the use of drawing as a learning approach even if the implementation of drawing into the curriculum is not feasible. Conclusions from this study were implemented through self-directed learning in anatomy courses that replaced the canceled cadaveric dissections during the COVID-19 outbreak and also through the ongoing drawing workshops to further advance the use of drawing in veterinary anatomy learning. Anat Sci Educ 14: 799-807.

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“…The renal corpuscle contains bundles of capillary vessels called glomeruli [ 50 ]. The name comes from Latin glomus meaning “ball of string”, entirely encapsulated by Bowman’s capsule.…”

Section: The Glomerular Filtration Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Atypical Renal Clearance of Nanoparticles Larger Than the Kidney Filtration Threshold

Adhipandito

Cheung

Lin

et al. 2021

IJMS

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In recent years, several publications reported that nanoparticles larger than the kidney filtration threshold were found intact in the urine after being injected into laboratory mice. This theoretically should not be possible, as it is widely known that the kidneys prevent molecules larger than 6–8 nm from escaping into the urine. This is interesting because it implies that some nanoparticles can overcome the size limit for renal clearance. What kinds of nanoparticles can “bypass” the glomerular filtration barrier and cross into the urine? What physical and chemical characteristics are essential for nanoparticles to have this ability? And what are the biomolecular and cellular mechanisms that are involved? This review attempts to answer those questions and summarize known reports of renal-clearable large nanoparticles.

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A large drawing of a nephron for teaching medical students renal physiology, histology, and pharmacology

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan of Mycelia Extract Posses Renal Protection Potential and Reduces Nitric Oxide in Obese Subjects

β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan of Mycelia Extract Posses Renal Protection Potential and Reduces Nitric Oxide in Obese Subjects

Drawing in Veterinary Anatomy Education: What Do Students Use It For?

Atypical Renal Clearance of Nanoparticles Larger Than the Kidney Filtration Threshold

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