A large contribution of methylsiloxanes to particulate matter from ship emissions

Yao, Peng; Chianese, Elena; Kairys, Norbertas; Holzinger, Rupert; Materić, Dušan; Sirignano, Carmina; Riccio, Angelo; Ni, Haiyan; Huang, Ru‐Jin; Dusek, Ulrike

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107324

Cited by 5 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The consistent mass fraction of methylsiloxanes within OA observed in both tunnels indicated a close temporal correlation between the fluctuations of methylsiloxanes and OA. The mass fractions of methylsiloxanes in OA within the tunnels were comparable to the approximately 1.2% detected in ship emissions during stable operation in our previous study . However, during transient engine states of the ship, such as acceleration, deceleration, and standby, the content of methylsiloxanes in OA significantly increased in ship emissions, ranging from 28.2 to 59.3%.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…However, our recent study revealed a substantial presence of methylsiloxanes in aerosol particles derived from ship emissions . This discovery suggests that engine combustion may be a potential and widespread source of methylsiloxanes, which has been overlooked thus far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Unlike the traditional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods, the identification and quantification of methylsiloxanes, in this study, were solely performed by mass spectrometry and the very characteristic stable isotope ratios of methylsiloxanes, as described in our previous study . Briefly, the identification of methylsiloxanes and derivatives relies on the isotope peaks derived from the heavier naturally occurring isotopes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, for C 11 H 18 O 12 N 2 , the first isotope peak reaches only 13.29% of the main peak height and the second isotope peak only 3.25%. Therefore, the ratios of the first and second isotope peaks to the main peak were used for the identification of peaks of methylsiloxanes and derivatives and were further used in the quantification to eliminate interference from other compounds . D 1 –D 10 methylsiloxanes in tunnel samples were statistically different from the field blank (Welch t -test, p = 0.0012), but D 11 –D 15 methylsiloxanes were not (Welch t-test, p = 0.3070).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methylsiloxanes from Vehicle Emissions Detected in Aerosol Particles

Yao,

Holzinger,

Materić

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Methylsiloxanes have gained growing attention as emerging pollutants due to their toxicity to organisms. As man-made chemicals with no natural source, most research to date has focused on volatile methylsiloxanes from personal care or household products and industrial processes. Here, we show that methylsiloxanes can be found in primary aerosol particles emitted by vehicles based on aerosol samples collected in two tunnels in São Paulo, Brazil. The aerosol samples were analyzed with thermal desorption-proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (TD-PTR-MS), and methylsiloxanes were identified and quantified in the mass spectra based on the natural abundance of silicon isotopes. Various methylsiloxanes and derivatives were found in aerosol particles from both tunnels. The concentrations of methylsiloxanes and derivatives ranged 37.7–377 ng m –3 , and the relative fractions in organic aerosols were 0.78–1.9%. The concentrations of methylsiloxanes exhibited a significant correlation with both unburned lubricating oils and organic aerosol mass. The emission factors of methylsiloxanes averaged 1.16 ± 0.59 mg kg –1 of burned fuel for light-duty vehicles and 1.53 ± 0.37 mg kg –1 for heavy-duty vehicles. Global annual emissions of methylsiloxanes in vehicle-emitted aerosols were estimated to range from 0.0035 to 0.0060 Tg, underscoring the significant yet largely unknown potential for health and climate impacts.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methylsiloxanes from Vehicle Emissions Detected in Aerosol Particles

Yao,

Holzinger,

Materić

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…14 Recent results have also detected low-volatility siloxanes in the particle phase from indoor cooking events 15 or ship emissions. 16 Evidence from laboratory studies indicated that oxidized cVMS products could also contribute to the formation of secondary organosiloxane aerosol (SOSiA), 17,18 especially decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D 5 -siloxane, C 10 H 30 O 5 Si 5 ), the most abundant siloxane in urban areas. 19 However, the reported SOA yields varied signicantly between different literature reports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%