A landscape of disgust

Weinstein, Sara B.; Buck, Julia C.; Young, Hillary S.

doi:10.1126/science.aas8694

Cited by 110 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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Section: Social Cognition Disgust and Pathogen Avoidancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the majority of investigations of the effects infection on social and mate responses have been carried out under laboratory conditions there is evidence that the findings are consistent with the results from natural and semi‐natural conditions . Indeed it has been suggested that in nature animals the landscape of disgust from pathogen and parasite threat that has far reaching implications for population dynamics and overall behavior . Under natural conditions odor and other sensory cues (eg, ultrasonic vocalizations), may result in female mice being more likely to detect and locate healthy males resulting in the disgust associated avoidance of a less preferred male and biased mating.…”

Section: Odors Mate Choice and Pathogen Avoidancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In nature all organisms under constant threat of attack by pathogens and parasites (microparasites, (including bacteria and viruses) and macroparasites (eg, helminths, arthropods [biting insects]) in what has been referred to as a "landscape of disgust". 5,21,22 Individuals harbor a range of parasites as well as both beneficial and potentially pathogenic bacterial and viral components. Parasitism by contagious parasites is a cost of sociality, with social interactions between individuals increasing the probability of parasite and pathogen exposure and transmission.…”

Section: Social Cognition Disgust and Pathogen Avoidancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Social neuroscience of disgust

Kavaliers

Ossenkopp

Choleris

2018

Genes Brain and Behavior

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Disgust can be thought of as an affective system that has evolved to detect signs of pathogens, parasite and toxins as well as to stimulate behaviors that reduce the risk of their acquisition. Disgust incorporates social cognitive mechanisms to regulate exposure to and, or anticipate and avoid exposure to pathogens and toxins. Social cognition entails the acquisition of social information about others (ie, social recognition) and from others (ie, social learning). This involves recognizing and assessing other individuals and the pathogen/parasite/contamination/toxin threat they pose and deciding about when and how to interact with and, or avoid them. Social cognition provides a frame-work for examining the expression of disgust and the associated neurobiological mechanisms. Here, we briefly consider the relations between social cognition and pathogen/parasite/toxin avoidance behaviors. We briefly discuss aspects of: (1) the odor mediated social recognition of actual and potentially infected individuals and the impact of parasite/pathogen threat on disgust mate and social partner choice; (2) the roles of "out-groups" (strangers, unfamiliar individuals) and "in-groups" (familiar individuals) in the expression of disgust and pathogen avoidance behaviors; (3) individual and social learning of disgust and empathy for disgust; (4) toxin elicited disgust and anticipatory disgust; (5) the neurobiological mechanisms, and in particular the roles of the nonapeptide, oxytocin and estrogenic mechanism associated with social cognition and the expression of disgust. These findings on the social neuroscience of disgust have a direct bearing on our understanding of the roles of disgust in shaping human and nonhuman social behavior.

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Section: Social Cognition Disgust and Pathogen Avoidancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Odors Mate Choice and Pathogen Avoidancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Social Cognition Disgust and Pathogen Avoidancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Social neuroscience of disgust

Kavaliers

Ossenkopp

Choleris

2018

Genes Brain and Behavior

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“…To avoid costly effects of parasitism, hosts can mount a range of general defense strategies broadly including avoidance, resistance, and tolerance (Råberg, Graham, & Read, ). Owing to the high cumulative fitness costs of parasitism, there is strong selection for parasite avoidance—relying on indirect cues driven by long‐term associations—to minimize infection risk (Weinstein, Buck, & Young, ). Resistance and tolerance are host traits that have evolved to alleviate the health and fitness effects of parasitism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cumulative fitness costs of parasitism, there is strong selection for parasite avoidance-relying on indirect cues driven by long-term associations-to minimize infection risk (Weinstein, Buck, & Young, 2018). Resistance and tolerance are host traits that have evolved to alleviate the health and fitness effects of parasitism.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Host sex, size, and hemoparasite infection influence the effects of ectoparasitic burdens on free‐ranging iguanas

Knapp

Perez-Heydrich

Zachariah³

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Investigations focusing on host–ectoparasite interactions in animals have revealed asymptomatic to severe health and fitness consequences suggesting that species mobilize different interspecific response mechanisms. Fewer studies, however, have examined intraspecific responses to ectoparasitic burdens. In this study, we analyzed host health and fitness responses to increasing ectoparasite burdens along with the presence/absence of hemoparasites of free‐ranging insular rock iguanas ( Cyclura cychlura ) in The Bahamas. Using hematology, plasma biochemistry, as well as body condition and growth rate comparisons, we failed to find significant associations of tick burdens with annual growth rate, corticosterone, packed cell volume, total white blood cell, and heterophil, monocyte, eosinophil or hemoglobin measures. We did, however, find mixed and significant associations of tick burdens with lymphocyte and basophil counts, heterophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratios, and body condition indices. These associations varied by sex, size, and hemoparasite infection status suggesting that different life stages of iguanas may invest differently in immune responses, and impacts may be modulated based on size and sex of hosts, and coinfection status.

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