A landscape-based conservation strategy to double the wild tiger population

Wikramanayake, Eric; Dinerstein, Eric; Seidensticker, John; Lumpkin, Susan; Pandav, Bivash; Shrestha, Mahendra; Mishra, Hemanta R.; Ballou, Jonathan D.; Johnsingh, A. J. T.; Chestin, Igor E.; Sunarto, Sunarto; Thinley, Phuntsho; Thapa, Kanchan; Jiang, Guangshun; Elagupillay, Sivananthan; Kafley, Hemanta; Pradhan, Narendra Man Babu; Jigme, Karma; Seng, Teak; Cutter, Peter; Aziz, Md. Abdul; Than, Utin

doi:10.1111/j.1755-263x.2010.00162.x

Cited by 161 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Biologists recently adopted a 'landscape approach' to tiger conservation, which explicitly seeks to identify and preserve all trophic levels naturally present in tiger habitat (Tilson & Nyhus 2010;Wikramanayake et al 2011). To this end the 13 currently recognized 'Tiger Range States' (Image 1) have pledged to cooperate in developing and implementing effective tiger conservation plans within their respective boundaries (Hua Hin Declaration on Tiger Conservation 2010).…”

Section: Confirmed Tiger Presencementioning

confidence: 99%

A postulate for tiger recovery: the case of the Caspian Tiger

Driscoll¹,

Chestin²,

Jungius³

et al. 2012

J. Threat. Taxa

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Recent genetic analysis has shown that the extinct Caspian Tiger (P. t. virgata) and the living Amur Tigers (P. t. altaica) of the Russian Far East are actually taxonomically synonymous and that Caspian and Amur groups historically formed a single population, only becoming separated within the last 200 years by human agency. A major conservation implication of this finding is that tigers of Amur stock might be reintroduced, not only back into the Koreas and China as is now proposed, but also through vast areas of Central Asia where the Caspian tiger once lived. However, under the current tiger conservation framework the 12 "Caspian Tiger States" are not fully involved in conservation planning. Equal recognition as "Tiger Range States" should be given to the countries where the Caspian tiger once lived and their involvement in tiger conservation planning encouraged. Today, preliminary ecological surveys show that some sparsely populated areas of Central Asia preserve natural habitat suitable for tigers. In depth assessments should be completed in these and other areas of the Caspian range to evaluate the possibility of tiger reintroductions. Because tigers are a charismatic umbrella species, both ecologically and politically, reintroduction to these landscapes would provide an effective conservation framework for the protection of many species in addition to tigers. And for today's Amur Tigers this added range will provide a buffer against further loss of genetic diversity, one which will maintain that diversity in the face of selective pressures that can only be experienced in the wild.

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Section: Confirmed Tiger Presencementioning

confidence: 99%

A postulate for tiger recovery: the case of the Caspian Tiger

Driscoll¹,

Chestin²,

Jungius³

et al. 2012

J. Threat. Taxa

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“…Riau harbours not only hill and lowland forests, habitat types surveyed in previous studies in Sumatra, but also extensive peatland forests, which have never previously been surveyed for tigers. Although Riau Province has had an estimated deforestation rate of 65% over 25 years (Uryu et al, 2007) it still holds areas with high potential for tiger conservation and recovery (Sanderson et al, 2006;Walston et al, 2010;Wikramanayake et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Threatened predator on the equator: multi-point abundance estimates of the tiger Panthera tigris in central Sumatra

Sunarto

Kelly

Klenzendorf

et al. 2013

Oryx

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Information on spatial and temporal variation in abundance is crucial for effective management of wildlife. Yet abundance estimates for the Critically Endangered Sumatran tiger Panthera tigris sumatrae are lacking from Riau, the province historically believed to hold the largest percentage of this subspecies. Recently, this area has had one of the highest global rates of deforestation. Using camera traps we investigated tiger abundance across peatland, flat lowland, and hilly lowland forest types in the province, and over time, in the newly established Tesso Nilo National Park, central Sumatra. We estimated densities using spatially explicit capture-recapture, calculated with DENSITY, and traditional capture-recapture models, calculated with CAPTURE. With spatially explicit capture-recapture the lowest tiger density (0.34 ± SE 0.24 per 100 km 2 ) was estimated in the hilly lowland forest of capture-recapture the spatially explicit capture-recapture approach resulted in estimates 50% lower. Estimates of tiger density from this study were lower than most previous estimates in other parts of Sumatra. High levels of human activity in the area appear to limit tigers. The results of this study, which covered areas and habitat types not previously surveyed, are important for overall population estimates across the island, provide insight into the response of carnivores to habitat loss, and are relevant to the interventions needed to save the tiger.

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“…Incorporating a variety of institutions including strict protected areas as well as community institutions, could strengthen the resilience of forests outside the protected areas [40,41]. Such planning has been implemented in Nepal, for instance, where despite the almost complete cessation of park monitoring and a spike in poaching between 2002 and 2006 because of civil violence, tiger and rhino populations were able to persist-most likely because of landscape level connectivity to Indian parks [41]. Similarly in Indonesia, research indicates that poaching-related depletions in specific protected areas can be offset by migration from other landscapes if the connectivity between reserves is maintained [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Forest Management Regimes on Deforestation in a Central Indian Dry Deciduous Forest Landscape

Agarwal

Nagendra

Ghate

2016

Land

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This research examines the impact of forest management regimes, with various degrees of restriction, on forest conservation in a dry deciduous Indian forest landscape. Forest change is mapped using Landsat satellite images from 1977, 1990, 1999, and 2011. The landscape studied has lost 1478 km 2 of dense forest cover between 1977 and 2011, with a maximum loss of 1002 km 2 of dense forest between 1977 and 1990. The number of protected forest areas has increased, concomitant with an increase in restrictions on forest access and use outside protected areas. Interviews with residents of 20 randomly selected villages indicate that in the absence of alternatives, rather than reducing their dependence on forests, communities appear to shift their use to other, less protected patches of forest. Pressure shifts seem to be taking place as a consequence of increasing protection, from within protected areas to forests outside, leading to the creation of protected but isolated forest islands within a matrix of overall deforestation, and increased conflict between local residents and forest managers. A broader landscape vision for forest management needs to be developed, that involves local communities with forest protection and enables their decision-making on forest management outside strict protected areas.

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A landscape-based conservation strategy to double the wild tiger population

Cited by 161 publications

References 21 publications

A postulate for tiger recovery: the case of the Caspian Tiger

A postulate for tiger recovery: the case of the Caspian Tiger

Threatened predator on the equator: multi-point abundance estimates of the tiger Panthera tigris in central Sumatra

The Influence of Forest Management Regimes on Deforestation in a Central Indian Dry Deciduous Forest Landscape

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