A laminated energetic electrostatic analyzer for 0–5 keV charged particles

Maldonado, Carlos A.; Eyler, Z.; Pierce, Brad S.; Matson, L.; Neal, P. C.; Richards, H. T.; Harley, J.; McHarg, M. G.

doi:10.1063/1.5123395

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This interest, combined with advances in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have enabled the rapid increase in the number of miniaturized plasma analyzers with flight heritage (Maldonado, et al, 2019;Maldonado, et al, 2020a). Examples include retarding potential analyzers (RPA) (Fanelli, et al, 2015), laminated electrostatic analyzers (Maldonado, et al, 2020b;Maldonado et al, 2020c), ion mass spectrometers (Nordholt, et al, 2003;Kepko, et al, 2017;Ogasawara, et al, 2020), and traditional spherical analyzers (MacDonald et al, 2006).…”

Section: Low-resource Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of instrument techniques to measure magnetospheric cold electrons and ions

Maldonado

Lira

Delzanno

et al. 2023

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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A review of the instruments and techniques to directly measure the full distributions of the cold-ion and cold-electron populations in the magnetosphere is presented. Relatively few studies have focused on the cold plasma populations of the magnetosphere due to difficulties associated with obtaining measurements. The cold particle populations are defined here as those with total energy approximately <100 eV which is an energy range for which measurements are difficult (regardless of species), but which often make up the bulk of the plasma density. These populations have known and suspected impacts on the structure and dynamics of the magnetosphere but to date have not yet been measured adequately. The lack of accurate measurements cold ion and electron populations through the magnetosphere makes closure of these science questions extremely difficult if not impossible. Reaching closure will require innovations in plasma spectrometers and associated techniques required to obtain high-fidelity measurements of the cold ion and electron populations in the magnetosphere. This paper seeks to review the instruments and techniques that have been used to date and present possible options for future missions.

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Section: Low-resource Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of instrument techniques to measure magnetospheric cold electrons and ions

Maldonado

Lira

Delzanno

et al. 2023

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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“…where t is the time which is measured by taking FWHM of the ion signal [34], I is the peak current of the ion signal which is calculated by I=V/R, where V is the peak voltage of Ag TOF signal of Ag plasma ions at laser irradiance of 17.9 GW cm −2 for K.E measurements. The delay between two signals of FC (FC 1 placed at a distance of 5 cm from the target and FC 6 placed at a distance cm from FC 1 ) was measured.…”

Section: Flux Measurements Of Laser-generated Ag Plasma Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and flux measurements of laser-induced silver plasma ions by using Faraday cup

Bhatti¹,

Bashir²,

Hayat³

et al. 2021

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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Silver (Ag) plasma has been generated by employing Nd:YAG laser (532 nm, 6 ns) laser irradiation. The energy and flux of ions have been evaluated by using Faraday cup (FC) using time of flight (TOF) measurements. The dual peak signals of fast and slow Ag plasma ions have been identified. Both energy and flux of fast and slow ions tend to increase with increasing irradiance from 7 GW cm−2 to 17.9 GW cm−2 at all distances of FC from the target surface. Similarly a decreasing trend of energies and flux of ions has been observed with increasing distance of FC from the target. The maximum value of flux of the fast component is 21.2 × 1010 cm−2, whereas for slow ions the maximum energy and flux values are 8.8 keV, 8.2 × 1012 cm−2 respectively. For the analysis of plume expansion dynamics, the angular distribution of ion flux measurement has also been performed. The overall analysis of both spatial and angular distributions of Ag ions revealed that the maximum flux of Ag plasma ions has been observed at an optimal angle of ∼15°. In order to confirm the ion acceleration by ambipolar field, the self-generated electric field (SGEF) measurements have also been performed by electric probe; these SGEF measurements tend to increase by increasing laser irradiance. The maximum value of 232 V m−1 has been obtained at a maximum laser irradiance of 17.9 GW cm−2.

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“…The iMESA-R family of instruments has flown as science payloads on a number of missions including Space Test Program Satellite-3 (STPSat-3), STPSat-4, STPSat-5, Green Propellant Infusion Mission, Orbital Test Bed, along with the STP-H5 and STP-H6 missions to the ISS [6,7]. It should be noted that a new generation of higher energy electrostatic analyzer has been developed based on the iMESA heritage and will fly as a payload on STP-H10 [8,9]. The laminated front end analyzer of the CIMS provides a high technology readiness level (TRL) and enables the low ultra-low mass and volume resource requirements for the instrument.…”

Section: Flight Heritagementioning

confidence: 99%

A Mission Enabling Compact Ion Mass Spectrometer for Ionospheric Outflow and Cold Magnetospheric Ion Observations

Maldonado

Reisenfeld

Kim

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The Compact Ion Mass Spectrometer (CIMS) is a highly compact ion mass spectrometer capable of high-mass resolution for low-energy space plasma. CIMS is capable of measuring flux, energy, and mass of ions providing unique measurements of the ionospheric outflow and cold plasma in the magnetosphere. Measurements of the ionospheric outflow and cold-magnetospheric ion population will provide the necessary initial conditions of the ion populations that drive some magnetosphere-ionosphere (MI) coupling processes along with magnetospheric ion composition and dynamics. Simultaneous measurements of the cold and hot magnetospheric ion composition in the reconnection region at the magnetotail would provide clues for the outflowing ions as they journey through the plasmasphere and magnetosphere. These data are critical to advancing our current understanding of MI coupling and are required to answer the long-standing questions regarding ionospheric outflow, the source of magnetospheric mass loading, and the subsequent impact on magnetic reconnection. The CIMS utilizes a laminated collimator to define the field-of-view, a laminated electrostatic analyzer to selectively filter ions based on energy-per-charge, a magnetic sector analyzer to separate ions by mass-per-charge, and a microchannel plate with a position sensitive cross-delay anode assembly to detect the location of the ions on the detector plane. This ion mass spectrometer is a simple, compact, and robust instrument ideal for obtaining low-energy (0.1 eV to 500 eV) ion composition measurements of ionospheric and cold magnetospheric ions. The instrument design has significant mass and volume savings when compared to current state-of-the-art ion mass spectrometers and has the additional advantage of being able to simultaneously measure multiple ion species at given energy-per-charge at 100% duty cycle, thus providing a full energy spectra for individual ion species. The concept and operation are intrinsically simple, and enable ultrafast (<0.1 s) measurement of plasma ion composition to provide an improved understanding of the physical processes that drive the complex ion dynamics in the magnetosphere.

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A laminated energetic electrostatic analyzer for 0–5 keV charged particles

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

A review of instrument techniques to measure magnetospheric cold electrons and ions

A review of instrument techniques to measure magnetospheric cold electrons and ions

Energy and flux measurements of laser-induced silver plasma ions by using Faraday cup

A Mission Enabling Compact Ion Mass Spectrometer for Ionospheric Outflow and Cold Magnetospheric Ion Observations

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