A laboratory study of the effects of a kerosene-burner exhaust on ice nucleation and the evaporation rate of ice crystals

Diehl, K.; Mitra, Subir K.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(97)00467-6

Cited by 122 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

132

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, some primary biological particles such as bacteria and pollen can act as efficient ice nuclei (Möhler et al, 2008a;Pummer et al, 2012;Hara et al, 2016). Soot particles and humic-like substances also act as ice nuclei in immersion mode, although with variable freezing temperatures (Diehl and Mitra, 1998;DeMott et al, 1999;Brooks et al, 2014;O'Sullivan et al, 2014). Based on Raman spectroscopy, 70 % of particles showed the broad peak indicating the presence of organic matter in both the IN active and non-active particles analyzed in this study.…”

Section: Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 74%

Characterization of individual ice residual particles by the single droplet freezing method: a case study in the Asian dust outflow region

Iwata

Matsuki

2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. In order to better characterize ice nucleating (IN) aerosol particles in the atmosphere, we investigated the chemical composition, mixing state, and morphology of atmospheric aerosols that nucleate ice under conditions relevant for mixed-phase clouds. Five standard mineral dust samples (quartz, K-feldspar, Na-feldspar, Arizona test dust, and Asian dust source particles) were compared with actual aerosol particles collected from the west coast of Japan (the city of Kanazawa) during Asian dust events in February and April 2016. Following droplet activation by particles deposited on a hydrophobic Si (silicon) wafer substrate under supersaturated air, individual IN particles were located using an optical microscope by gradually cooling the temperature to −30 • C. For the aerosol samples, both the IN active particles and non-active particles were analyzed individually by atomic force microscopy (AFM), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Heterogeneous ice nucleation in all standard mineral dust samples tested in this study was observed at consistently higher temperatures (e.g., −22.2 to −24.2 • C with K-feldspar) than the homogeneous freezing temperature (−36.5 • C). Meanwhile, most of the IN active atmospheric particles formed ice below −28 • C, i.e., at lower temperatures than the standard mineral dust samples of pure components. The most abundant IN active particles above −30 • C were predominantly irregular solid particles that showed clay mineral characteristics (or mixtures of several mineral components). Other than clay, Ca-rich particles internally mixed with other components, such as sulfate, were also regarded as IN active particle types. Moreover, sea salt particles were predominantly found in the non-active fraction, and internal mixing with sea salt clearly acted as a significant inhibiting agent for the ice nucleation activity of mineral dust particles. Also, relatively pure or fresh calcite, Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 particles were more often found in the non-active fraction. In this study, we demonstrated the capability of the combined single droplet freezing method and thorough individual particle analysis to characterize the ice nucleation activity of atmospheric aerosols. We also found that dramatic changes in the particle mixing states during long-range transport had a complex effect on the ice nucleation activity of the host aerosol particles. A case study in the Asian dust outflow region highlighted the need to consider particle mixing states, which can dramatically influence ice nucleation activity.

show abstract

Section: Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 74%

Characterization of individual ice residual particles by the single droplet freezing method: a case study in the Asian dust outflow region

Iwata

Matsuki

2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…B. C. Pettersson (janp@chem.gu.se) confirmed for mineral dust (Pitter and Pruppacher, 1973) and pollen (von Blohn et al, 2005), with a possible exception for soot particles (Diehl and Mitra, 1998). Kaolinite (Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 ) is built up from alternating layers of silica and aluminum hydroxide (Miller et al, 2007) and it is known to make an important contribution to the atmospheric aerosol in several parts of the world (e.g.…”

Section: This Has Beenmentioning

confidence: 96%

Freezing of water droplets colliding with kaolinite particles

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Contact freezing of single supercooled water droplets colliding with kaolinite dust particles has been investigated. The experiments were performed with droplets levitated in an electrodynamic balance at temperatures from 240 to 268 K. Under relatively dry conditions (when no water vapor was added) freezing was observed to occur below 249 K, while a freezing threshold of 267 K was observed when water vapor was added to the air in the chamber.The effect of relative humidity is attributed to an influence on the contact freezing process for the kaolinite-water droplet system, and it is not related to the lifetime of the droplets in the electrodynamic balance. Freezing probabilities per collision were derived assuming that collisions at the lowest temperature employed had a probability of unity. Mechanisms for contact freezing are briefly discussed.

show abstract

“…Simulation of the aerosol effect on ice particle size in a GCM by means of the physically-based aerosol-ice microphysical interaction would involve large uncertainties in the parameterization of ice processes and require significant computational efforts. A number of formulations have been introduced to relate aerosol concentration to ice nucleation on the basis of explicit microphysics modeling, laboratory studies, as well as theoretical considerations (e.g., Diehl and Mitra, 1998;Kärcher and Lohman, 2003;Riemer et al, 2004;Liu and Penner, 2005;Kärcher et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2007). In view of large uncertainties in the parameterization of ice microphysics processes and the required computational cost, it has been a common practice to prescribe a mean ice crystal size in GCMs (e.g., Köhler, 1999;Ho et al, 1998;Gu et al, 2003).…”

Section: Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust aerosol impact on North Africa climate: a GCM investigation of aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions using A-Train satellite data

Gu¹,

Liou²,

Jiang

et al. 2012

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The climatic effects of dust aerosols in North Africa have been investigated using the atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) developed at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). The model includes an efficient and physically based radiation parameterization scheme developed specifically for application to clouds and aerosols. Parameterization of the effective ice particle size in association with the aerosol first indirect effect based on ice cloud and aerosol data retrieved from A-Train satellite observations have been employed in climate model simulations. Offline simulations reveal that the direct solar, IR, and net forcings by dust aerosols at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) generally increase with increasing aerosol optical depth. When the dust semi-direct effect is included with the presence of ice clouds, positive IR radiative forcing is enhanced since ice clouds trap substantial IR radiation, while the positive solar forcing with dust aerosols alone has been changed to negative values due to the strong reflection of solar radiation by clouds, indicating that cloud forcing associated with aerosol semi-direct effect could exceed direct aerosol forcing. With the aerosol first indirect effect, the net cloud forcing is generally reduced in the case for an ice water path (IWP) larger than 20 g m −2 . The magnitude of the reduction increases with IWP.AGCM simulations show that the reduced ice crystal mean effective size due to the aerosol first indirect effect results in less OLR and net solar flux at TOA over the cloudy area of the North Africa region because ice clouds with smaller size trap more IR radiation and reflect more solar radiation. The precipitation in the same area, however, increases due to the aerosol indirect effect on ice clouds, corresponding to the enhanced convection as indicated by reduced OLR. Adding the aerosol direct effect into the model simulation reduces the precipitation in the normal rainfall band over North Africa, where precipitation is shifted to the south and the northeast produced by the absorption of sunlight and the subsequent heating of the air column by dust particles. As a result, rainfall is drawn further inland to the northeast.This study represents the first attempt to quantify the climate impact of the aerosol indirect effect using a GCM in connection with A-Train satellite data. The parameterization for the aerosol first indirect effect developed in this study can be readily employed for application to other GCMs.

show abstract

A laboratory study of the effects of a kerosene-burner exhaust on ice nucleation and the evaporation rate of ice crystals

Cited by 122 publications

References 16 publications

Characterization of individual ice residual particles by the single droplet freezing method: a case study in the Asian dust outflow region

Characterization of individual ice residual particles by the single droplet freezing method: a case study in the Asian dust outflow region

Freezing of water droplets colliding with kaolinite particles

Dust aerosol impact on North Africa climate: a GCM investigation of aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions using A-Train satellite data

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About