A Laboratory Study of the Effects of Hydraulics on Hole Erosion

Gaylord, Eber W.

doi:10.2118/12118-ms

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…1) and may thus be related to the rock anisotropy (Table 2). Babcock, 1978Guenot, 1989Brown, 1978Schafer, 1980 Hubbert andWillis, 1957;Haimson and Fairhurst, 1967;Haimson, 1978Morin et al, 1990Guenot, 1987Dart and Zoback, 1989Hottman et al, 1979Bell and Gough, 1979;Zoback et al, 1985Guenot, 1989Cheatham, 1984Teufel, 1983;Bradley, 1979Babcock, 1978Dart andZoback, 1989 Plumb andCox, 1987;Plumb and Hickman, 1985Guenot, 1989Gaylord, 1983 Table 1) and azimuth (AzCmax) of the pad that corresponds to the larger measured diameter for each of the five passes, labeled from pi to p5. Azimuth is with respect to magnetic north.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on the Geometry and Fracturing of Hole 894G, Hess Deep, from Formation MicroScanner Logging Data

Célérier¹,

Macleod²,

Harvey³

1996

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 147 Scientific Results

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Ocean Drilling Program Hole 894G, sited on a small horst within Hess Deep, was drilled in lower oceanic crust that was generated at the East Pacific Rise and then rifted by the propagating Cocos/Nazca divergent plate boundary. Difficult drilling conditions in fractured gabbros resulted in a washed-out hole.Despite these unfavorable circumstances, open-hole logs from the Formation MicroScanner (FMS) tool string provide strong constraints on the fracture orientations and suggest a few directions of preferential enlargement. These results were obtained because five logging passes were recorded to compensate for the expected low data quality by redundancy and because the now classical analysis of FMS data has been adapted to this situation of multiple passes and washed out borehole.An east enlargement direction is thought to be related to the east-west strike of the dense network of fractures observed both in cores and on the FMS resistivity images, and an east-northeast enlargement direction may be the result of drill pipe wear along the borehole plunge direction. Additional east-southeast to south-southeast and north-northeast enlargements may reflect the influence of either the Nazca-Galapagos or the Cocos-Nazca plate boundary state of stress, respectively. However, the interpretation of these poorly defined directions remains uncertain.The analysis of the FMS resistivity images shows mainly east-west striking and southward dipping fractures and very few north-south trending features. This suggests a strong Cocos-Nazca control on brittle deformation in the Hess Deep. The distribution of orientation of the fractures identified on the FMS images is very similar to that obtained from core veins reoriented relative to paleomagnetic north. Matching the two sets requires that the remanent magnetization direction points north-northwest. The preferred interpretation of this result is a vertical-axis component of tectonic rotation of 30° to 40° counterclockwise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on the Geometry and Fracturing of Hole 894G, Hess Deep, from Formation MicroScanner Logging Data

Célérier¹,

Macleod²,

Harvey³

1996

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 147 Scientific Results

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“…Kamphuis and Hall (1983) investigated the erosion of cohesive materials by unidirectional currents. Rocha also describes similar work by Gaylord (1983) on erosional effects of fluid flow on clay-containing materials. Gaylord (1983) showed that erosion first increases slowly with increasing fluid velocity and then increases rapidly after some critical velocity is reached.…”

Section: Coal Gas Production and Other Erosion Researchmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Rocha also describes similar work by Gaylord (1983) on erosional effects of fluid flow on clay-containing materials. Gaylord (1983) showed that erosion first increases slowly with increasing fluid velocity and then increases rapidly after some critical velocity is reached. Further work may be warranted to address the implications of these studies.…”

Section: Coal Gas Production and Other Erosion Researchmentioning

confidence: 91%

Wellbore enlargement investigation: Potential analogs to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant during inadvertent intrusion of the repository

Boak¹,

Dotson²,

Aguilar³

1997

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Guidelines for Shale Inhibition During Openhole Gravel Packing With Water-Based Fluids

Shenoy

Gilmore

Twynam³

et al. 2006

All Days

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Many of the problems associated with the use of water based fluids in drilling and completion operations are caused by incompatibilities between the fluids and the shales. Such incompatibilities may result in washouts, increased drilling costs (solids handling, rig time, dilution fluids, dilution fluids), shale sloughing during the drilling operation and during the drilling operation and after displacements to solids-free completion completion fluids or during gravel packing. One of the most important factors leading to an undesired result (either a premature screenout, thus a potential sand control failure, or a higher skin) in water-packing of open holes is the presence of reactive shales in the interval to be gravel packed. Although there is a substantial amount of literature on shale inhibition with water-based drilling fluids, the importance of shale inhibition and the problems associated with shale reactivity during gravel packing remain largely unexplored. Furthermore, shale inhibitor selection often relies purely on a comparison of the results from bottle roll tests using shale samples in candidate fluid/inhibitor pairs (drilling or completion fluid) and on tests measuring degree of shale swelling. While these tests are highly functional, they can only provide information on the relative performance of fluids, and their relevance to gravel packing is questionable, as these tests do not simulate the conditions experienced during such treatments. This paper presents guidelines on selection methodology of shale inhibitors for use in gravel packing applications based on the data available in our respective companies, including a comparison of results from conventional bottle roll tests to those from flow through predrilled holes in shale core samples. Recommendations are made depending on brine type and density, type of shale, temperature, fluid exposure history, as well as environmental considerations. Introduction Openhole horizontal completions have emerged as a cost-effective means of exploiting deepwater reservoirs, many of which require sand control. Gravel packing is the preferred sand control technique for such environments where remedial treatment costs are prohibitively high.1 Two techniques have been employed for gravel packing open holes with varying degrees of success: alternate path and water-packing. The focus of this paper will be to address one of the problems considered to be a key risk factor in successful implementation of water pack treatments. The risks associated with open hole openhole water packing treatments completions completions can be summarized as:Swabbing, which has been addressed through the development of antiswab tool systems,2Exceeding fracturing pressureduring the beta wave, which has been addressed with the development of beta wave attenuators3 or use of low density gravel allowing lower pump rates without the concern for gravel settling in the work string,4during the alpha wave in environments with narrow frac window, which in some cases may be addressed through the use of low density gravel,4Filtercake erosion, which remains as the biggest uncertainty,5Reactive shales which may either collapse/slough or disperse in the carrier fluid; the former may lead to a premature screenout due to blockage of the annulus and the latter may result in a low permeability gravel pack due to shale and gravel intermixing.5–8

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A Laboratory Study of the Effects of Hydraulics on Hole Erosion

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Constraints on the Geometry and Fracturing of Hole 894G, Hess Deep, from Formation MicroScanner Logging Data

Constraints on the Geometry and Fracturing of Hole 894G, Hess Deep, from Formation MicroScanner Logging Data

Wellbore enlargement investigation: Potential analogs to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant during inadvertent intrusion of the repository

Guidelines for Shale Inhibition During Openhole Gravel Packing With Water-Based Fluids

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