A Laboratory Silo and its Uses

Perkins, A. E.; Pratt, A. D.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(51)91752-3

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…T h e intake of a conserved product can be modified to a marked extent by the foods given with it. Examples of this effect are the addition of hay to silage rations causing an increase in total dry-matter intake (Pratt & Conrad, 1957;Brown et al 1963), and a decrease in roughage intake when supplementary concentrates are given (Brown, 1960;Slack et al 19606;Blaxter et al 1961). Results from some trials suggest 1 0 5 that concentrate supplementation has a more marked effect on the intake of roughage with a high digestibility than with poorer-quality roughage (Blaxter et al 1961).…”

Section: The Associative Effects Of Giving Other Foods With Roughagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…when the crop is being ensiled (Perkins & Pratt, 1951;Gordon, Irvin, Melin, Wiseman & McCalmont, 1957). T h e dry-matter content of the crop being ensiled, however, exerts the greatest influence on nutrient losses in the effluent, as it appears that losses are negligible when the dry-matter content of the herbage ensiled exceeds 25% (Murdoch, 1954;Allred & Kennedy, 1956).…”

Section: Symposium Proceedings I964mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Some factors affecting the efficient utilization of conserved grass

Jc¹

1964

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The efficient utilization of conserved grass is dependent on several factors, and these include the nutritive value of the product and its intake by the animals to which it is given, both of these factors being influenced by the crop which is conserved and the efficiency of preservation. T h e method of conservation (i.e. by ensilage or haymaking) also has an effect on utilization, as have supplementary foods given with the conserved product. T h e loss of nutrients associated with the conservation process must also be considered, since the extent of this loss determines the quantity of nutrients that will be available in the final product.The most important methods of conservation in Britain are ensilage and haymaking, and discussion will be limited to these two methods. The loss of nutrients associated with the conservation processLosses in making silage. The sources of nutrient loss in ensilage are surface waste, plant respiration, bacterial fermentation and effluent from the silage. The losses associated with plant respiration and the subsequent fermentation are often referred to as being unavoidable, but though it may be true when applied to conditions in any one mass of silage, the term is incorrect in general application. It has been shown clearly that the type of fermentation in silage has a marked effect in determining nutrient losses (Murdoch & Holdsworth, 1958)) the losses being higher when the volatile fatty acid content of the silage is high relative to that of the lactic acid. Many factors influence the fermentation in silage, and the most important appear to be the sugar and the dry-matter content of the herbage being ensiled (Murdoch, 1961).There can be an appreciable loss of nutrients in the effluent from the silage, the loss being determined to some extent by pressure on the silage and the additives used "Read at the joint meeting of The Nutrition Society and the British Grassland Society in London on

show abstract

Section: The Associative Effects Of Giving Other Foods With Roughagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Symposium Proceedings I964mentioning

confidence: 99%

Some factors affecting the efficient utilization of conserved grass

Jc¹

1964

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…MARTIN and BUYSSE (11) have shown that the pH value of silage from wilted herbage was higher than normal, but that there was no corresponding increase in butyric-acid content. As can be expected, raising the dry-matter content of the ensiled crop decreases the loss by seepage from the silo, and in small-scale silos PERKINS and PRATT (12) found that effluent was reduced to negligible amounts, even at relatively high pressures, when the dry-matter content of the herbage was over 32 per cent.…”

Section: Seepage Lossesmentioning

confidence: 79%

The Ensiling of Lucerne With Addition of Formic and Glycollic Acids, Molasses and Barley Meal, and With Wilting

Murdoch

Balch

Foot

et al. 1955

Grass and Forage Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In 1950 a battery of eight brick tower silos was erected at this Institute for investigations in silage making. The silos are each 12 feet high and 12 feet in diameter, and their capacity varies from 15 to 25 tons depending to a great extent on whether or not the crop is chopped before ensiling. Three removable concrete slabs are set in one side of each silo to provide an opening for emptying. The silos are cement-rendered inside. From each silo a drain is led to a seepage pit where effluent from the silage is measured and sampled. The whole battery is covered by a roof to prevent rain entering the silos. Although most of the silage in this country is made in pits or clamps, the tower silos were considered to be more suitable for silage investigations as experimental control is easier in this type of silo.To measure the drainage from the silos an effluent meter has been developed by the Engineering Department of the Institute. This meter consists of a container which is divided into two compartments and pivoted along the centre of the base. When one half is almost full the container tips over and actuates a counter. The total quantity of effluent is found by calibrating the meter, and multiplying this figure by the number registered on the counter.Each silo is fitted with four thermocouples with leads back to a galvanometer, graduated in Fahrenheit degrees, where selector switches are used to find the temperature around any given thermocouple.In addition to the large silos, four small silos made from pipes 3 feet in diameter have been erected. An oversilo of sheet metal can be fitted on top of these pipe silos, thus giving a total height of 6 feet, and a capacity of approximately 10 cwt. of chopped material. It is appreciated that the losses of nutrients, the temperature and the general conditions in these small silos will probably be different from those in the larger ones, but such silos are useful for exploratory work. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDUREIn 1951 a trial was conducted to compare glycoUic acid, formic acid, molasses and barley meal as additions in ensiling lucerne. Wilting the herbage before ensiling was included as a further treatment.The silages were made from three cuts of a lucerne timothy sward, the timothy content of the sward being appreciably lower for the second and third cuts than for the first. Most of the treatments were duplicated in silos holding approximately 15 tons of silage, and a third series was filled into the small silos. The first cut of lucerne was ensiled in four large silos from the 6-9 June, using glycoUic acid, molasses or barley meal as additions, the fourth silo being filled with wilted herbage. The same treatments were compared with the second cut, which was ensiled from 24-27 July, with the exception that formic acid was substituted for glycollic acid. The third cut was filled into the small silos from 31 August-3 September, the treatments being the same as for the first cut.

show abstract

“…Many years ago Hofer (II) showed that the quantity of cell sap flowing from a silo was dependent on the dry-matter content of the ensiled crop. Perkins and Pratt (23) found that no seepage occurred when crop moisturecontent was 68% or less, and Buysse, Martin and Reyntens (6) when moisture content was 64%. Axelsson (2) and Sutter (28) state that effluent is retained when lierbage moisturecontent lies between 72 and 78% and between 70 and 75%, respectively, which agree with the author's results, and also with those of Murdoch at Reading (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial Wilting of Grass Crops for Silage

Nash

1959

Grass and Forage Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this part of the investigation was to test in practice, on a small scale, the partial-wilting method of making silage and to obtain data on quality, losses and digestibility of the wilted and unwilted products. Wilting of grass/clover herbage was carried out for periods of up to about 24 hours and, on average, the moisture content was lowered by 6-4%, from 80-4 to 74-0%. All silages were well preserved, there was no overheating, the wilted products showed considerably lower nutrient losses than the unwilted silages and were not lower in digestibility. Mould formation was much more extensive in the top layers of the wilted silages, except when the wilted material had been bruised.

show abstract

A Laboratory Silo and its Uses

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Some factors affecting the efficient utilization of conserved grass

Some factors affecting the efficient utilization of conserved grass

The Ensiling of Lucerne With Addition of Formic and Glycollic Acids, Molasses and Barley Meal, and With Wilting

Partial Wilting of Grass Crops for Silage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About