A Laboratory-Scale Test to Predict Intake Valve Deposits

Design of fuel additives using neural networks and evolutionary algorithms

“…Over a period of time, both during and shortly after engine operation, deposits tend to form on the surface Ž of the intake valve Graham and Evans, 1992;Kalghatgi, 1990; . Ž Lacey et al, 1997 , which affects driveability Graham and . Ž .…”

“…At the end of the test, the intake valves are removed and weighed. In order for the fuel-package to successfully pass this test, it must pro-Ž duce an average deposit of less than 100 mgrvalve Lacey et . al., 1997 .…”

“…'' In order to address the design problem at hand, it is instructive to consider the mechanism of deposit formation on the intake valve. The mechanism has been hypothesized to Ž be due to one or more of the following Lacey et al, 1997; . Bailey et al, 1995 : 1.…”