A laboratory guide to in vitro fertilization of oceanic squids

Villanueva, Roger; Staaf, Danna J.; Argüelles, Juan; Bozzano, Anna; Camarillo‐Coop, Susana; Nigmatullin, Ch. M.; Petroni, Giuliano; Quintana, Daniel; Sakai, Mitsuo; Sakurai, Yasunori; Salinas-Zavala, César Augusto; Silva-Dávila, Roxana De; Tafur, Ricardo; Yamashiro, Carmen; Vidal, Erica A. G.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.02.025

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Nevertheless, some groups may be over-represented in this sample, for example, the number of octopod species analysed here (n = 53) represents nearly half of the total number of species considered in the present study (n = 110), while the total number of octopod species represents nearly one-third of cephalopod species. This fact illustrates that this group is relatively easy to maintain and reproduce in aquaria, making it easier to collect egg masses and hatchlings in comparison with squids, which are more difficult to rear, spawn and consequently, to obtain hatchlings under laboratory conditions [217–219]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Mode of Life and Hatchling Size in Cephalopod Molluscs: Influence on the Species Distributional Ranges

et al. 2016

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Cephalopods (nautiluses, cuttlefishes, squids and octopuses) exhibit direct development and display two major developmental modes: planktonic and benthic. Planktonic hatchlings are small and go through some degree of morphological changes during the planktonic phase, which can last from days to months, with ocean currents enhancing their dispersal capacity. Benthic hatchlings are usually large, miniature-like adults and have comparatively reduced dispersal potential. We examined the relationship between early developmental mode, hatchling size and species latitudinal distribution range of 110 species hatched in the laboratory, which represent 13% of the total number of live cephalopod species described to date. Results showed that species with planktonic hatchlings reach broader distributional ranges in comparison with species with benthic hatchlings. In addition, squids and octopods follow an inverse relationship between hatchling size and species latitudinal distribution. In both groups, species with smaller hatchlings have broader latitudinal distribution ranges. Thus, squid and octopod species with larger hatchlings have latitudinal distributions of comparatively minor extension. This pattern also emerges when all species are grouped by genus (n = 41), but was not detected for cuttlefishes, a group composed mainly of species with large and benthic hatchlings. However, when hatchling size was compared to adult size, it was observed that the smaller the hatchlings, the broader the latitudinal distributional range of the species for cuttlefishes, squids and octopuses. This was also valid for all cephalopod species with benthic hatchlings pooled together. Hatchling size and associated developmental mode and dispersal potential seem to be main influential factors in determining the distributional range of cephalopods.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Mode of Life and Hatchling Size in Cephalopod Molluscs: Influence on the Species Distributional Ranges

et al. 2016

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“…Since detritus is almost ubiquitous 44 – 46 , competition for trophic resources between early ommastrephid paralarvae would also be minimal. The new knowledge provided in this work can be applied in the future to the development of experimental culture protocols for ommastrephid hatchlings obtained by in vitro fertilization 47 or aquaria spawning 48 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predatory flying squids are detritivores during their early planktonic life

Fernández-Álvarez

Machordom

García‐Jiménez

et al. 2018

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Cephalopods are primarily active predators throughout life. Flying squids (family Ommastrephidae) represents the most widely distributed and ecologically important family of cephalopods. While the diets of adult flying squids have been extensively studied, the first feeding diet of early paralarvae remains a mystery. The morphology of this ontogenetic stage notably differs from other cephalopod paralarvae, suggesting a different feeding strategy. Here, a combination of Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) and DNA metabarcoding of wild-collected paralarvae gut contents for eukaryotic 18S v9 and prokaryotic 16S rRNA was applied, covering almost every life domain. The gut contents were mainly composed by fungus, plants, algae and animals of marine and terrestrial origin, as well as eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms commonly found in fecal pellets and particulate organic matter. This assemblage of gut contents is consistent with a diet based on detritus. The ontogenetic shift of diet from detritivore suspension feeding to active predation represents a unique life strategy among cephalopods and allows ommastrephid squids to take advantage of an almost ubiquitous and accessible food resource during their early stages. LCM was successfully applied for the first time to tiny, wild-collected marine organisms, proving its utility in combination with DNA metabarcoding for dietary studies.

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“…However, nidamental gland jelly is only required for the survival of ommastrephid embryos under natural conditions. In artificial fertilization experiments, healthy paralarvae are produced without nidamental gland secretions [ 22 , 31 , 36 – 40 ]. The embryos of oegopsid squids caught in the plankton net also later developed in an incubator and hatched without the gelatinous material surrounding it [ 2 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and properties of the egg mass of the ommastrephid squid Todarodes pacificus

et al. 2017

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The Japanese flying squid, Todarodes pacificus, is thought to spawn neutrally buoyant egg masses that retain a specific location in the water column by floating at the interface between water layers of slightly different densities. It is important to understand the physical process that determines the vertical distribution of the egg masses to predict their horizontal drift in relation to embryo survival and subsequent recruitment. Here, mesocosm experiments were conducted in a 300 m3 tank by creating a thermally stratified (17–22°C) water column to obtain egg masses. A cage net methodology was developed to sustain egg masses for detailed observation. We measured the density of the egg masses of T. pacificus, and used this information to infer the vertical distribution patterns of the egg masses at the spawning grounds (Tsushima Strait, Japan). When measured separately, the density of the outer jelly of each egg mass was 2.7 σ units higher than that of the surrounding water. The outer jelly and the specific gravity of embedded individual eggs (~1.10) cause the egg masses to have very slight negative buoyancy relative to the water in which they are formed. Analysis of the vertical profile of the spawning ground showed that water density (σθ) increased sharply at ~30 m depth; thus, egg masses might settle above the pycnocline layer. In conclusion, we suggest that T. pacificus egg masses might retain their location in the water column by floating at the interface between water layers of slightly different densities, which happen to be above the pycnocline layer (actual depth varies seasonally/annually) in the Tsushima Strait between Korea and Japan.

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A laboratory guide to in vitro fertilization of oceanic squids

Cited by 20 publications

References 68 publications

Early Mode of Life and Hatchling Size in Cephalopod Molluscs: Influence on the Species Distributional Ranges

Early Mode of Life and Hatchling Size in Cephalopod Molluscs: Influence on the Species Distributional Ranges

Predatory flying squids are detritivores during their early planktonic life

Structure and properties of the egg mass of the ommastrephid squid Todarodes pacificus

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