A laboratory evaluation to determine the compatibility of microbiological control agents with the pollinator Bombus terrestris

Mommaerts, Veerle; Sterk, G.; Hoffmann, Lucien; Smagghe, Guy

doi:10.1002/ps.1778

Cited by 44 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…A powder containing high concentrations of 10 9 spores per gram of M. anisopliae did not exhibit acute toxicity toward B. terrestris workers. This was not to our surprise, as to a similar extend no acute toxicity has been reported by Mommaerts et al (2009), Al-mazraÕawi et al (2006a, b), and Kapongo et al (2008a after vector exposure to different entomopathogenic fungi. However, dry exposure to M. anisopliae spores caused worker mortality; however, this was only visible for the highest concentration of 10 9 spores per gram powder.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…For lethal effects, the number of workers per microcolony was scored after 72 h (acute exposure) and 6 wk (chronic exposure), and then based on the mean toxicity percentage, each treatment was classiÞed according to the International Organization for Biological Control classes (Mommaerts et al 2009). To assess sublethal effects, the numbers of drones produced per nest were scored weekly over a period of 6 wk.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far toxicity by entomopathogenic fungi toward vectors is known and has been reported for both honey bees and bumble bees. Mommaerts et al (2009) reported mycosis of B. bassiana GHA on B. terrestris after wet treatment via contact. Similarly, wet treatment of Metarhizium anisopliae also was shown to pose risks for bumble bees, whereas harmful effects were minimal for honey bees (Butt et al 1994(Butt et al , 1998Alves et al 1996;Kanga et al 2003;Hokkanen et al 2004;James et al 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Safety and Acquisition Potential of Metarhizium anisopliae in Entomovectoring With Bumble Bees, Bombus terrestris

Smagghe¹,

Meyer²,

Meeus³

et al. 2013

jnl. econ. entom.

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In the context of integrated pest management with biological control and reduced pesticide use, dissemination of entomopathogenic fungi with insects has the potency to protect crops and specifically their flowers against pests and diseases. But before implementation of such entomovectoring system, a measurement of risks of the microbial biocontrol agent toward the vectoring insect is crucial. The essential contributions of this project are that 1) exposure of bumble bees, Bombus terrestris (L.) to powder containing 10(7) spores of the commercial biocontrol agent Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52 (Biol020) per gram, was safe; and 2) that when bumble bees had walked through this spore concentration (10(7) spores per gram) in a dispenser, their body carried 9.3 +/- 1 x 10(6) spores/bumble bee, and this was still 2.6 10(6) spores after a flight of 60 s, representing the average time to fly from the dispenser to the crop flowers. 3) In contrast, a 100-fold higher spore concentration (10(9) spores per gram powder) was highly toxic and the acquisition on the bumble bee body was only 2.5 times higher. Based on these data, future studies can start investigating the protection efficacy of this entomovector system with M. anisopliae and bumble bees without harming the vector and with a loading of the vector considered enough to obtain a good inoculation into and protection of the flowers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Safety and Acquisition Potential of Metarhizium anisopliae in Entomovectoring With Bumble Bees, Bombus terrestris

Smagghe¹,

Meyer²,

Meeus³

et al. 2013

jnl. econ. entom.

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“…In addition to their role as pollinators, bees are also used as entomovectors to achieve a better distribution of various microbial biocontrol agents in crops (Mommaerts et al 2009;Mänd et al 2010;Smagghe et al 2012). Biofungicides like Prestop-Mix, which contains Gliocladium catenulatum Gilman and Abbott and is often used in entomovectoring technology, do not affect the honeybee Apis mellifera L. (Peng et al 1992;Hokkanen and Menzler-Hokkanen 2009) or the bumble bee Bombus terrestris L. (Mommaerts et al 2009. The bioinsecticide BotaniGard contains spores of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bioinsecticide BotaniGard contains spores of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill., which may be hazardous to bees as to other insects, although it can be vectored by insects in certain conditions (Al-MazráAwi et al 2007;Mommaerts et al 2009;Shipp et al 2012). In these microbial preparations, the biocontrol organisms are combined with inert materials to make a formulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal effects of kaolin and the biopesticides Prestop-Mix and BotaniGard on metabolic rate, water loss and longevity in bumble bees (Bombus terrestris)

et al. 2015

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Kaolin is an inert material with a broad range of applications, e.g. as an insecticide and as a filling substance in the formulation of biopesticides. Hence, bees that dispense biopesticides to the field in the context of entomovectoring are exposed to elevated risks because of sideeffects of those products. Here, we investigated with use of bumble bee workers of Bombus terrestris L. the lethal and sublethal effects of (i) pure kaolin, (ii) the biofungicide Prestop-Mix containing the parasitic fungus Gliocladium catenulatum and kaolin and (iii) the bioinsecticide BotaniGard containing the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and compared with wheat flour powder that we considered safe for bumble bees. As the most important result, treatment with kaolin increased the cuticular water loss and reduced the survival of treated bumble bees, while Prestop-Mix had no negative effect on longevity. BotaniGard caused mortality in the bumble bees because of the entomopathogenic spores it contained. In conclusion, our data indicated that substances used as 'inert materials' and in biocontrol agents which are used in IPM and organic farming systems may bring higher risks to bumble bees used in entomovector technology.

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Initial recommendations for higher‐tier risk assessment protocols for bumble bees, Bombus spp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Cabrera

Almanza

Cutler

et al. 2015

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Global declines of bumble bees and other pollinator populations are of concern because of their critical role for crop production and maintenance of wild plant biodiversity. Although the consensus among scientists is that the interaction of many factors, including habitat loss, forage scarcity, diseases, parasites, and pesticides, potentially plays a role in causing these declines, pesticides have received considerable attention and scrutiny. In response, regulatory agencies have introduced more stringent pollinator testing requirements for registration and reregistration of pesticides, to ensure that the risks to pollinators are minimized. In this context, guidelines for testing bumble bees (Bombus spp.) in regulatory studies are not yet available, and a pressing need exists to develop suitable protocols for routine higher-tier studies with these non-Apis sp., social bees. To meet this need, Bayer CropScience LP, Syngenta Crop Protection LLC US, and Valent USA. Corporation organized a workshop bringing together a group of global experts on bumble bee behavior, ecology, and ecotoxicology to discuss and develop draft protocols for both semi-field (Tier II) and field (Tier III) studies. The workshop was held May 8-9, 2014, at the Bayer Bee Care Center, North Carolina, USA. The participants represented academic, consulting, and industry scientists from Europe, Canada, the United States, and Brazil. The workshop identified a clear protection goal and generated proposals for basic experimental designs, relevant measurements, and endpoints for both semifield (tunnel) and field tests. These initial recommendations are intended to form the basis of discussions to help advance the development of appropriate protocol guidelines.

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A laboratory evaluation to determine the compatibility of microbiological control agents with the pollinator Bombus terrestris

Cited by 44 publications

References 43 publications

Safety and Acquisition Potential of <I>Metarhizium anisopliae</I> in Entomovectoring With Bumble Bees, <I>Bombus terrestris</I>

Safety and Acquisition Potential of <I>Metarhizium anisopliae</I> in Entomovectoring With Bumble Bees, <I>Bombus terrestris</I>

Sublethal effects of kaolin and the biopesticides Prestop-Mix and BotaniGard on metabolic rate, water loss and longevity in bumble bees (Bombus terrestris)

Initial recommendations for higher‐tier risk assessment protocols for bumble bees, Bombus spp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

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