A Laboratory Evaluation for the Potential of Entomopathogenic Fungi against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Abstract

The red flour beetle is a very important primary insect pest of wheat worldwide. The experiments were performed to check the virulence of Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea by insect dipping method on the adults and 2nd instar of Tribolium castaneum. Conidia were taken from 15 days old fungi and subsequently four concentrations i.e., 2×108, 3×108, 4×108 and 5×108 spores/ml of both fungi were prepared in 0.05% Tween 80 solution. Minimum 12.5% and maximum 32.5% mortality of adult insects was recorded on 7th day after the treatment at 2×108 and 5×108 spores/ml concentrations of B. bassiana, respectively while on larval stages, minimum 2.5% on 5th day and maximum 80.0% mortality was observed on 7th day post treatment of B. bassiana, respectively. On the other side, minimum 7.5 and maximum 22.5 mortality percentage was noted on 7th day post application of I. fumosorosea, respectively while on immatures minimum 5% on 6th day and highest 70% mortality was noted on 7th day post infection with 2×108 and 5×108 spores/ml of I. fumosorosea, correspondingly. This study showed the effectiveness of insect pathogenic fungi against the important stored grain insect pest and proved to be a positive management strategy.

Entomopathogenic Fungus and Enhanced Diatomaceous Earth: The Sustainable Lethal Combination against Tribolium castaneum

“…The efficacy of several entomopathogenic fungi, e.g., Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin, Isaria fumosorosea Wize (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), as grain protectants has been well documented in former studies [13,[24][25][26]. Beauveria bassiana has been demonstrated to be effective against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) [13,27], Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) [19,28], Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) [29], and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) [30].…”

Uji Efektivitas Aplikasi Cendawan Entomopatogen Metarhizium anisopliae Terhadap Mortalitas Wereng Batang Coklat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.)

“…Kerapatan konidia M. anisopliae efektif untuk mematikan 50% serangga pada percobaan ini ditunjukkan dari nilai LC50 yaitu 10 8 konidia/ml sejalan denganKastilong et al (2022)yang menyatakan bahwa nilai LC50 dari pengujian cendawan B. bassiana terhadap walang sangit (Leptocorisa acuta) sebesar 1x10 8 konidia/ml.Penelitian Ulya et al (2016) menjelaskan pengujian patogenisitas cendawan M. anisopliae terhadap hama Lepidiota stigma instar tiga menghasilkan nilai LC50 sebesar 8,2x10 8 konidia/ml selama 7,7 hari. Begitupun penelitian Akmal et al (2020)aplikasi cendawan B. bassiana terhadap hama kumbang tepung merah (Tribolium castaneum) menunjukkan hasil perhitungan LC50 yaitu 3,31x10 8 konidia/ml dan aplikasi pada Isaria fumosorosea menghasilkan nilai LC50 sebesar 4,18x10 8 konidia/ml.Mortalitas dan waktu kematian serangga inang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya tingkat patogenisitas, kerapatan konidia, media tumbuh yang digunakan, jenis dan umur serangga, ketahanan serangga terhadap senyawa patogen, frekuensi dan waktu aplikasi, serta faktor lingkungan seperti suhu dan kelembapan (Manurung et al, 2012).…”

Two are better than one: the combinations of Beauveria bassiana, diatomaceous earth, and indoxacarb as effective wheat protectants

“…This results in the deterioration of the immune system of insects, fungal growth, and the emergence of new fungal conidia from the dead bodies of insects to infest new individuals (Zimmermann 2007 ; Dannon et al 2020 ). Among the most common entomopathogenic fungi species is Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), which has been previously examined against several stored-product insects such as the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae), Liposcelis paeta (Pearman) (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae), the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), C. ferrugineus , T. castaneum , T. granarium , and R. dominica (Athanassiou et al 2007 ; El-Sebai 2011 ; Shafighi et al 2014 ; Akmal et al 2017 ; Latifian et al 2018 ; Rehman et al 2019 ; Wakil et al 2021b , c , d ).…”