Antibodies and aptamers play a crucial role to improve the analytical performance of biosensors for medical applications. Besides their natural compatibility with many antigens and pathogens, their biochemical structure selectively binds the analyte providing high sensitivity and selectivity. Accordingly, this minireview presents the recent approaches in the field of immunosensors and aptasensors for clinical diagnoses with a focus on the key features of sensors over the conventional diagnostic assays and the trends in this field of knowledge (point-of-care devices for in situ applications, label-free bioreceptors, real-time monitoring of analytes and outstanding transduction techniques).