“…Recent related work can be categorized as the knowledge-based reasoning approach (Chang 1990, Wong and Siu 1995, Chu and Gadh 1996, Wu and Chang 1998, Tseng and Liu 2001, graph manipulation approach (Chen and LeClair 1994, Irani et al 1995, Lin et al 1998, Petri-nets-based approach (Kruth and Detand 1992), fuzzy logic reasoning approach (Ong and Nee 1994, Zhang and Huang 1994, Gu et al 1997, evolutional algorithm and heuristic reasoning-based approach (Vancza and Markus 1991, Chen and LeClair 1994, Yip-Hoi and Dutta 1996, Chen et al 1998, Reddy et al 1999, Ma et al 2000, Qiao et al 2000, Lee et al 2001, Li et al 2002a, etc. In the reasoning processes, manipulating preliminary precedence constraints between operations effectively using 'if-then' rules, graphs and matrices, is an important issue.…”