A kirigami approach to engineering elasticity in nanocomposites through patterned defects

Shyu, Terry; Damasceno, Pablo F.; Dodd, Paul M.; Lamoureux, Aaron; Xu, Lizhi; Shlian, Matthew; Shtein, Max; Glotzer, Sharon C.; Kotov, Nicholas A.

doi:10.1038/nmat4327

Cited by 550 publications

(507 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…different from conventional macroscopic analogs [e.g., including lattice Kirigami methods (47,48) that solve the inverse problem of folding a flat plate into a complex targeted 3D configuration], where negligible deformations occur in the uncut regions of the folded structures and from recently reported microscale Kirigami methods that use 2D forms for stretchable conductors (49). The current approach is also fully compatible with previously reported schemes based on residual stresses and on buckling of filamentary ribbons.…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

A mechanically driven form of Kirigami as a route to 3D mesostructures in micro/nanomembranes

Zhang

Yan

Nan

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

465

359

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Assembly of 3D micro/nanostructures in advanced functional materials has important implications across broad areas of technology. Existing approaches are compatible, however, only with narrow classes of materials and/or 3D geometries. This paper introduces ideas for a form of Kirigami that allows precise, mechanically driven assembly of 3D mesostructures of diverse materials from 2D micro/nanomembranes with strategically designed geometries and patterns of cuts. Theoretical and experimental studies demonstrate applicability of the methods across length scales from macro to nano, in materials ranging from monocrystalline silicon to plastic, with levels of topographical complexity that significantly exceed those that can be achieved using other approaches. A broad set of examples includes 3D silicon mesostructures and hybrid nanomembrane-nanoribbon systems, including heterogeneous combinations with polymers and metals, with critical dimensions that range from 100 nm to 30 mm. A 3D mechanically tunable optical transmission window provides an application example of this Kirigami process, enabled by theoretically guided design.Kirigami | three-dimensional assembly | buckling | membranes T hree-dimensional micro/nanostructures are of growing interest (1-10), motivated by their increasingly widespread applications in biomedical devices (11-13), energy storage systems (14-19), photonics and optoelectronics (20-24), microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) (25-27), metamaterials (21,(28)(29)(30)(31)(32), and electronics (33-35). Of the many methods for fabricating such structures, few are compatible with the highest-performance classes of electronic materials, such as monocrystalline inorganic semiconductors, and only a subset of these can operate at high speeds, across length scales, from centimeters to nanometers. For example, although approaches (36-39) that rely on self-actuating materials for programmable shape changes provide access to a wide range of 3D geometries, they apply only to certain types of materials [e.g., gels (36, 37), liquid crystal elastomers (39), and shape memory alloys (38)], generally not directly relevant to high-quality electronics, optoelectronics, or photonics. Techniques that exploit bending/folding of thin plates via the action of residual stresses or capillary effects are, by contrast, naturally compatible with these modern planar technologies, but they are currently most well developed only for certain classes of hollow polyhedral or cylindrical geometries (1, 10, 40-44). Other approaches (45, 46) rely on compressive buckling in narrow ribbons (i.e., structures with lateral aspect ratios of >5:1) or filaments to yield complex 3D structures, but of primary utility in opennetwork mesh type layouts. Attempts to apply this type of scheme to sheets/membranes (i.e., structures with lateral aspect ratios of <5:1) lead to "kink-induced" stress concentrations that cause mechanical fracture. The concepts of Kirigami, an ancient aesthetic pursuit, involve strategically configured arrays of cuts to gui...

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supporting

confidence: 67%

A mechanically driven form of Kirigami as a route to 3D mesostructures in micro/nanomembranes

Zhang

Yan

Nan

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

465

359

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“…This approach has traditionally been applied to bulk materials and recently to micro-scale materials [13][14][15], though recent experimental [16] and theoretical [17] works have shown the benefits of kirigami for the stretchability of graphene.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly stretchable MoS₂kirigami

Hanakata

Campbell

et al. 2016

Nanoscale

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We report the results of classical molecular dynamics simulations focused on studying the mechanical properties of MoS2 kirigami. Several different kirigami structures were studied based upon two simple non-dimensional parameters, which are related to the density of cuts, as well as the ratio of the overlapping cut length to the nanoribbon length. Our key finding is significant enhancements in tensile yield (by a factor of four) and fracture strains (by a factor of six) as compared to pristine MoS2 nanoribbons. These results in conjunction with recent results on graphene suggest that the kirigami approach may be a generally useful one for enhancing the ductility of two-dimensional nanomaterials.Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) has been intensely studied in recent years as an alternative two-dimensional (2D) material to graphene. This interest has arisen in large part because (i) MoS 2 exhibits a direct band gap of nearly 2 eV in monolayer form which is suitable for photovoltaics [1]; and (ii) it has recently been explored for many potential applications, ranging from energy storage to valleytonics [2][3][4][5].The mechanical properties of MoS 2 have also been explored recently, through both experimental [6][7][8] and theoretical methods [9][10][11][12]. That MoS 2 has been reported experimentally to be more ductile than graphene [8] naturally raises the critical issue of developing new approaches to enhancing the ductility of 2D materials.One approach that has recently been proposed towards this end is in utilizing concepts of kirigami, the Japanese technique of paper cutting, in which cutting is used to change the morphology of a structure. This approach has traditionally been applied to bulk materials and recently to micro-scale materials [13][14][15], though recent experimental [16] and theoretical [17] works have shown the benefits of kirigami for the stretchability of graphene.Our objective in the present work is to build upon previous successes in applying kirigami concepts to graphene [17] to investigate their effectiveness in enhancing the ductility of a different 2D material, MoS 2 , which is structurally more complex than monolayer graphene due to its three-layer structure involving multiple atom types. We accomplish this using classical molecular dynamics (MD) with a recently developed Stillinger-Weber potential [18]. We find that kirigami can substantially enhance the yield and fracture strains of monolayer MoS 2 , with increases that exceed those previously seen in monolayer graphene [17].We performed MD simulations using the Sandiadeveloped open source code LAMMPS [19,20] while the Stillinger-Weber potential does not have a term explicitly devoted to rotations, it does contain two and three-body terms including angular dependencies, which is important for out-of-plane deformations. Furthermore, the Stillinger-Weber potential of Jiang [18] was fit to the phonon spectrum of single-layer MoS 2 , which includes both in and out-of-plane vibrational motions. As a result, the Stillinger-Weber potential sh...

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“…Moreover, these Y-shaped cuts are a natural step following the recently proposed Kirigami horizontal slit patterns [10]. In addition, we reasoned the Y-shape enables elasticity without dramatically decreasing the electrical resistance of the conductor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Parallel slits patterned in parylene films and graphene oxide/polyvinyl alcohol (GO-PVA) nanocomposite films allow for high, reversible deformability [10]. Interestingly, a similar strain relief concept is observed in thin gold films deposited on silicone membrane, which form spontaneous micro-cracked patterns [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Engineering reversible elasticity in ductile and brittle thin films supported by a plastic foil

Vachicouras

Tringides

Campiche

et al. 2017

Extreme Mechanics Letters

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a b s t r a c tReversible deformation is a unique property of elastic materials. Here, we design and fabricate highly stretchable multilayered films by patterning Y-shaped motifs through films of non-elastic materials, e.g. plastics, metals, ceramics. By adjusting the geometry and density of the motif, as well as the thickness of the film(s), the effective spring constant of the engineered film(s) can be tuned. Three-dimensional bending of the patterned film(s) enables macroscopic stretchability and minimizes local film strain fields. The engineered films demonstrate no preferential direction of stretching and the proposed design is versatile. Furthermore our approach is compatible with thin-film processing. We demonstrate the Yshaped motifs allow for the design of stretchable plastic foils coated with metallic and metal oxide conductors. We anticipate the patterned motifs can be scaled down to offer a wider range of elastic electronic materials to use in stretchable electronics and to create soft bioelectronics.

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A kirigami approach to engineering elasticity in nanocomposites through patterned defects

Cited by 550 publications

References 28 publications

A mechanically driven form of Kirigami as a route to 3D mesostructures in micro/nanomembranes

A mechanically driven form of Kirigami as a route to 3D mesostructures in micro/nanomembranes

Highly stretchable MoS₂kirigami

Engineering reversible elasticity in ductile and brittle thin films supported by a plastic foil

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A kirigami approach to engineering elasticity in nanocomposites through patterned defects

Cited by 550 publications

References 28 publications

A mechanically driven form of Kirigami as a route to 3D mesostructures in micro/nanomembranes

A mechanically driven form of Kirigami as a route to 3D mesostructures in micro/nanomembranes

Highly stretchable MoS2kirigami

Engineering reversible elasticity in ductile and brittle thin films supported by a plastic foil

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Highly stretchable MoS₂kirigami