A kinetic study on cobalt-free high-nickel layered oxide cathode materials for practical lithium-ion batteries

Roles of Mn and Co in the Air Synthesizability of Layered Oxide Cathodes for Lithium-Based Batteries

“…The O 2 -calcined cathodes show improved rate capabilities compared to the air-calcined samples as seen in Figure S1. This can be due to the O 2 -calcined samples having smaller primary particles as discussed with Figure , where smaller primary particle size has been ascribed to better Li + diffusion kinetics . The differences between the two NM70 cathodes are slightly more pronounced as O 2 –NM70 has higher capacities than air-NM70 and more so than those of NMC70 and NC70, which is also seen with the initial cycling capacities.…”

Single Crystal Layered Oxide Cathodes: The Relationship between Particle Size, Rate Capability, and Stability

“…With consideration of SC NCMs, outside of the nanoscale and into the microscale, the diffusion length will begin to significantly limit capacity at a given (dis)charge rate with respect to their PC counterparts. [31][32][33] While expanded forms of Eqn. 1 do include other factors such as concentration (lithium in bulk) and gradients, these are either difficult to tailor synthetically, are dynamic during operation, or both.…”

“…where x is the diffusion length travelled, D is the diffusion coefficient and t is the time required to diffuse. With consideration of SC NCMs, outside of the nanoscale and into the microscale, the diffusion length will begin to significantly limit capacity at a given (dis)charge rate with respect to their PC counterparts [31–33] . While expanded forms of Eqn.…”

Scope and significance of transition metal oxide nanomaterials for next-generation Li-ion batteries

“…33 Present studies have shown several improvements in LNO, but it has many challenges to be solved before commercialization. [34][35][36][37][38][39] Several NMC and NCA-based materials with increased Ni content 460% started to appear with better electrochemistry and favorability to commercialization in early 2010. 37,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] 48 Dahn's group has successfully presented the possibility of a million-mile battery for electric vehicle advancement, where utilizing the Ni-rich material as the cathode with appropriate modifications alongside matching electrolyte recipe can retain more than 80% capacity for 2000 cycles, thus crossing the 1000 cycle barrier.…”

“…33 Present studies have shown several improvements in LNO, but it has many challenges to be solved before commercialization. 34–39 Several NMC and NCA-based materials with increased Ni content >60% started to appear with better electrochemistry and favorability to commercialization in early 2010. 37,40–47 Some of the commercialized Ni-rich materials such as Li[Ni 0.80 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 ]O 2 (NCA80) and Li[Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 ]O 2 (NMC811) have been demonstrated to be reliable enough to utilize in electric vehicles and versatile digital devices.…”