A kinetic study of Mg+ and Mg-containing ions reacting with O3, O2, N2, CO2, N2O and H2O: implications for magnesium ion chemistry in the upper atmosphere

Whalley, Charlotte L.; Martı́n, Juan Carlos Gómez; Wright, Timothy G.; Plane, J. M. C.

doi:10.1039/c0cp02637a

Cited by 35 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…21) is ≈ ±200 cm −3 for the low-density region above 100 km and below 80 km and ≈ ±400 cm −3 at 90 km. Whalley and Plane (2010) WACCM is in slightly better agreement with the rocket data than with SCIAMACHY. The differences of the vertical profile of WACCM and SCIAMACHY are small especially at the equator (see Fig.…”

Section: Langowski Et Al: Global Investigation Of the Mg Atom Andmentioning

confidence: 50%

Global investigation of the Mg atom and ion layers using SCIAMACHY/Envisat observations between 70 and 150 km altitude and WACCM-Mg model results

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Mg and Mg + concentration fields in the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere (UMLT) region are retrieved from SCIAMACHY/Envisat limb measurements of Mg and Mg + dayglow emissions using a 2-D tomographic retrieval approach. The time series of monthly mean Mg and Mg + number density and vertical column density in different latitudinal regions are presented. Data from the limb mesosphere-thermosphere mode of SCIAMACHY/Envisat are used, which cover the 50 to 150 km altitude region with a vertical sampling of ≈ 3.3 km and latitudes up to 82• . The high latitudes are not observed in the winter months, because there is no dayglow emission during polar night. The measurements were performed every 14 days from mid-2008 until April 2012. Mg profiles show a peak at around 90 km altitude with a density between 750 cm −3 and 1500 cm −3 . Mg does not show strong seasonal variation at latitudes below 40 • . For higher latitudes the density is lower and only in the Northern Hemisphere a seasonal cycle with a summer minimum is observed. The Mg + peak occurs 5-15 km above the neutral Mg peak altitude. These ions have a significant seasonal cycle with a summer maximum in both hemispheres at mid and high latitudes. The strongest seasonal variations of Mg + are observed at latitudes between 20 and 40• and the density at the peak altitude ranges from 500 cm −3 to 4000 cm −3 . The peak altitude of the ions shows a latitudinal dependence with a maximum at mid latitudes that is up to 10 km higher than the peak altitude at the equator.The SCIAMACHY measurements are compared to other measurements and WACCM model results. The WACCM results show a significant seasonal variability for Mg with a summer minimum, which is more clearly pronounced than for SCIAMACHY, and globally a higher peak density than the SCIAMACHY results. Although the peak density of both is not in agreement, the vertical column density agrees well, because SCIAMACHY and WACCM profiles have different widths. The agreement between SCIAMACHY and WACCM results is much better for Mg + with both showing the same seasonality and similar peak density. However, there are also minor differences, e.g. WACCM showing a nearly constant altitude of the Mg + layer's peak density for all latitudes and seasons.

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Section: Langowski Et Al: Global Investigation Of the Mg Atom Andmentioning

confidence: 50%

Global investigation of the Mg atom and ion layers using SCIAMACHY/Envisat observations between 70 and 150 km altitude and WACCM-Mg model results

et al. 2015

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“…The rate coefficient for this reaction was calculated using electronic structure theory to determine the reaction enthalpy (149 kJ mol −1 ) at the complete basis set (CBS‐QB3) level of theory from Petersson and coworkers (Montgomery et al, ). The molecular parameters (rotational constants and vibrational frequencies) required to apply Rice‐Ramsperger‐Kassel‐Markus theory (Whalley et al, ) are listed in Table S1 in the supporting information. Figure is a potential energy surface for the reaction.…”

Section: Development Of a Magnesium Model For Marsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meteoric Metal Chemistry in the Martian Atmosphere

et al. 2018

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Recent measurements by the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) instrument on NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission show that a persistent layer of Mg + ions occurs around 90 km in the Martian atmosphere but that neutral Mg atoms are not detectable. These observations can be satisfactorily modeled with a global meteoric ablation rate of 0.06 t sol −1 , out of a cosmic dust input of 2.7 ± 1.6 t sol −1 . The absence of detectable Mg at 90 km requires that at least 50% of the ablating Mg atoms ionize through hyperthermal collisions with CO 2 molecules. Dissociative recombination of MgO + .(CO 2 ) n cluster ions with electrons to produce MgCO 3 directly, rather than MgO, also avoids a buildup of Mg to detectable levels. The meteoric injection rate of Mg, Fe, and other metals—constrained by the IUVS measurements—enables the production rate of metal carbonate molecules (principally MgCO 3 and FeCO 3 ) to be determined. These molecules have very large electric dipole moments (11.6 and 9.2 Debye, respectively) and thus form clusters with up to six H 2 O molecules at temperatures below 150 K. These clusters should then coagulate efficiently, building up metal carbonate‐rich ice particles which can act as nucleating particles for the formation of CO 2 ‐ice clouds. Observable mesospheric clouds are predicted to occur between 65 and 80 km at temperatures below 95 K and above 85 km at temperatures about 5 K colder.

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“…Several scenarios were proposed to explain the unusual Mg + /Mg ratio based on ion-molecule charge transfer reactions. 8 As explained in ref. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the MgO²⁺dication in the gas phase: electronic states, spectroscopy and atmospheric implications

Linguerri

Hochlaf

Bacchus‐Montabonel

et al. 2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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A kinetic study of Mg+ and Mg-containing ions reacting with O3, O2, N2, CO2, N2O and H2O: implications for magnesium ion chemistry in the upper atmosphere

Cited by 35 publications

References 38 publications

Global investigation of the Mg atom and ion layers using SCIAMACHY/Envisat observations between 70 and 150 km altitude and WACCM-Mg model results

Global investigation of the Mg atom and ion layers using SCIAMACHY/Envisat observations between 70 and 150 km altitude and WACCM-Mg model results

Meteoric Metal Chemistry in the Martian Atmosphere

Characterization of the MgO²⁺dication in the gas phase: electronic states, spectroscopy and atmospheric implications

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A kinetic study of Mg+ and Mg-containing ions reacting with O3, O2, N2, CO2, N2O and H2O: implications for magnesium ion chemistry in the upper atmosphere

Cited by 35 publications

References 38 publications

Global investigation of the Mg atom and ion layers using SCIAMACHY/Envisat observations between 70 and 150 km altitude and WACCM-Mg model results

Global investigation of the Mg atom and ion layers using SCIAMACHY/Envisat observations between 70 and 150 km altitude and WACCM-Mg model results

Meteoric Metal Chemistry in the Martian Atmosphere

Characterization of the MgO2+dication in the gas phase: electronic states, spectroscopy and atmospheric implications

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Characterization of the MgO²⁺dication in the gas phase: electronic states, spectroscopy and atmospheric implications