“…As only small quantities of hemolymph could be collected from individual bees, the hemolymph from ligated and non-ligated bees were pooled to make up 2 ml samples, which is an adequate volume for hormone detection under the assay conditions used. Ecdysteroid titers were quantified by a radioimmunoassay (RIA), as previously described (Feldlaufer and Hartfelder, 1997;Bloch et al, 2000), using an antiserum prepared against an ecdysone derivative (Bollenbacher et al, 1983;Warren and Gilbert, 1986) at a final concentration of 0.05%, and using [23,24-3H(N)]ecdysone (NEN, spec. act.…”