A key review of wastewater source heat pump (WWSHP) systems

Hepbaşlı, Arif; Bıyık, Emrah; Ekren, Orhan; Günerhan, Hüseyin; Araz, Mustafa

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.08.065

Cited by 166 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Pressure losses in this design are minimal since there are no flow constrictions, similar to the concentric tube type. When this type is used at sewage level, there is a possibility to embed it within the main pipeline or place it on top of the lower side of the pipeline [36]. However, in both arrangements the efficiency is reduced considerably, as deposits and sediments tend to settle on the surface.…”

Section: Heat Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In solo HEs, the best passive mechanism for bio-film clean-up is regular cleaning and flushing of the pipes, with appropriate detergents. Usually auto-cleaning strainers or specific filters for larger biological impurities are recommended [36]. As the temperatures involved are not that high, the use of plastic HEs has also been investigated [36].…”

Section: Anti-fouling Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an estimate about 1928 million m 3 of waste water is produced in The Netherlands, with most of it being 20 • C, higher than the ambient temperature [36]. It was estimated that 6000 GWh per annum of thermal energy could be recovered in the sewage system of Switzerland [37].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study concluded that only a mere 10-20% of the original thermal content of water is lost before it is converted into GW, and with typical harnessing devices, 30-50% of fuel usage for heating water, can be saved in a conventional household. GW produced in Germany and Switzerland, can heat about 3% of the buildings in these countries [36].…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Key Review of Non-Industrial Greywater Heat Harnessing

2018

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Abstract:The ever-growing concerns about making buildings more energy efficient and increasing the share of renewable energy used in them, has led to the development of ultra-low carbon buildings or passive houses. However, a huge potential still exists to lower the hot water energy demand, especially by harnessing heat from waste water exiting these buildings. Reusing this heat makes buildings more energy-efficient and this source is considered as a third-generation renewable energy technology, both factors conforming to energy policies throughout the world. Based on several theoretical and experimental studies, the potential to harness non-industrial waste water is quite high.As an estimate about 3.5 kWh of energy, per person per day could be harnessed and used directly, in many applications. A promising example of such an application, are low temperature fourth generation District Heating grids, with decentralized sources of heat. At the moment, heat exchangers and heat pumps are the only viable options to harness non-industrial waste heat. Both are used at different scales and levels of the waste-water treatment hierarchical pyramid. Apart from several unfavourable characteristics of these technologies, the associated exergetic efficiencies are low, in the range of 20-50%, even when cascaded combinations of both are used. To tackle these shortcomings, several promising trends and technologies are in the pipeline, to scavenge this small-scale source of heat to a large-scale benefit.

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Section: Heat Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anti-fouling Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A Key Review of Non-Industrial Greywater Heat Harnessing

2018

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“…Liu et al (2014) studied the application of a heat pump system using untreated urban sewage as a heat source. Hepbasli et al (2014) made a review of the heat pumps using wastewater as a heat source. The temperature of the sewage depends on the period of the year and the geographical location, but typical temperatures are between 10ᵒC to 35ᵒC.…”

Section: Waste Heat Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

High capacity heat pump development for sanitary hot water production

Mocholi¹

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L'home viu d'emocions, no del seu currículum Kilian Journet i AcknowledgmentsEn primer lloc volia donar-li les gràcies als meus directors de tesis, José Gonzálvez i Emilio Navarro, perquè sense ells aquest treball no haguera sigut possible. Gràcies per donar-me l'oportunitat de treballar en el projecte Europeu NxtHPG, per tot el que m'heu ensenyat, pels bons consells i per les hores que hem passat analitzant els resultats o especulant sobre algun problema concret.Gràcies als meus companys del IIE, sobretot a tots aquells que en alguna mesura han participat en aquest projecte, en especial a José Miguel, Carla, i Alex, amb qui he passat moltes hores barallant-nos amb sensors, vàlvules d'expansió i altres aparells del dimoni. També volia nomenar a Estefania, qui continuarà amb el treball d'aquesta tesi, i amb qui, juntament amb Emilio, hem passat unes quantes hores donant-li voltes i repensant els cicles termodinàmics.Gràcies també als participants del projecte Europeu "Next Generation of Heat Pumps working with Natural fluids", de qui també he aprés moltes coses.Des d'una perspectiva més personal, volia començar nomenant a aquells que varen començar amb mi aquesta aventura universitària, en especial a Ausiàs, i com no a Guillermo, a qui vaig conéixer en la cua per a la matrícula d'industrials, i que 10 anys després hem viscut tantíssimes coses junts.To those guys who I met during my two years in Denmark and we became friends for life, the Xafaets: Andrea, Cristian and Niccolo.Als meus amics d'infància, d'adolescència, edat adulta, i segur que vellesa, Irak, Gabi (Pollo), i com no Jorge (Puxi) amb qui he compartit tantes hores de confidències, moments bons i roïns, però sobretot reconfortants.A Marinna, o meu sol do meio-dia, perquè el seu somriure ja m'alegra el dia, per tots els projectes que tenim i perquè amb ella sempre podré dir cueca.Per últim volia donar-li les gràcies a la meua família. Als meus germans Gabi i José, qui m'ha fet tio de les xiquetes més boniques del món, Olga i Núria. A ma Mare, perquè és una lluitadora, però sobretot una somiadora, en part li dec a ella la meua forma de ser. Però si he de dedicar aquesta tesi a algú, és a ell, a l'home del somriure permanent, a qui li dec l'altra part de la meua forma de ser, a mon Pare.iii AbstractHeat pumps have been identified as an efficient alternative to traditional boilers for the production of sanitary hot water (SHW). The high water temperature lift (usually from 10ᵒC to 60ᵒC) involved in this application has conditioned the type of used solutions. On the one hand, transcritical cycles have been considered as one of the most suitable solutions to overcome the high water temperature lift. Nevertheless, the performance of the transcritical CO2 heat pump is quite dependent on the water inlet temperature, which in many cases is above 10ᵒC. Furthermore, performance highly depends on the rejection pressure, which needs to be controlled to work at the optimum point in any condition. On the other hand, for the subcritical systems, subcooling seems to be c...

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Recovery of Thermal Energy from Wastewater by Heat Pump Technology

Song

Tian

2021

Sustainable Resource Management, Volume I

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A key review of wastewater source heat pump (WWSHP) systems

Cited by 166 publications

References 31 publications

A Key Review of Non-Industrial Greywater Heat Harnessing

A Key Review of Non-Industrial Greywater Heat Harnessing

High capacity heat pump development for sanitary hot water production

Recovery of Thermal Energy from Wastewater by Heat Pump Technology

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