A Key Management Protocol Based on the Hash Chain Key Generation for Securing LoRaWAN Networks

Hakeem, Shimaa A. Abdel; El-Kader, Sherine M. Abd; Kim, HyungWon

doi:10.3390/s21175838

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Sends less additional information along with the main message. [18] Solving the session key generation and update problems of the Long Range Wide Area Network.…”

Section: Lorawanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Repetitive patterns like headers, control sequences, pilot sequences, and tail sequences that are recalculated on the receiver to get the real key are examples of the other kind of synchronization that uses unique information [17]. In [18], the authors proposed a one-way hash function to generate hash chains for the LPWANs. To enable the use of a distinct signing key for each message, network entities share a common hash chain consisting of n key components.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel effective chain encryption approach based on deep learning for IoT-based low-power wide area networks

Dehghani,

Fadaei,

Das

2024

Preprint

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Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) represent a category of wireless technologies hailed for their efficiency in facilitating communication for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. This efficacy is attributed to their characteristics of low power consumption, extensive wireless transmission range, and cost-effectiveness. Despite these notable advantages, LPWANs exhibit drawbacks such as limited processing power, modest transmission rates, and notably constrained payload sizes, posing challenges for encryption techniques. The inadequacy of existing cipher-chaining encryption methods for LPWANs is underscored by their dependency on high computing power and payload capacity. To address this issue, this paper introduces an innovative chaining encryption approach tailored for LPWAN IoT technology. The proposed method incorporates a key synchronization mechanism based on deep learning algorithms. The effectiveness of this approach has been rigorously assessed through case studies and experiments. Results from the experiments reveal a commendable performance of the proposed approach, achieving an average accuracy of 99% in key resynchronization following message loss. These outcomes establish the proposed method as a highly competitive solution within the realm of encryption approaches for LPWANs.

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“…Sends less additional information along with the main message. [18] Solving the session key generation and update problems of the Long Range Wide Area Network.…”

Section: Lorawanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel effective chain encryption approach based on deep learning for IoT-based low-power wide area networks

Dehghani,

Fadaei,

Das

2024

Preprint

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“…The complex CAV security problems may be classified in three areas: at the vehicle level, the supplier chain, and data collection. First, attacks at the vehicle level may occur via the capture of car sensors, physical controls, and V2X communications [158][159][160]. Second, the autonomous nature without human participation will lead to physical hijacking.…”

Section: Connected Autonomous Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security Requirements and Challenges of 6G Technologies and Applications

Hakeem

Hussein

Kim

2022

Sensors

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After implementing 5G technology, academia and industry started researching 6th generation wireless network technology (6G). 6G is expected to be implemented around the year 2030. It will offer a significant experience for everyone by enabling hyper-connectivity between people and everything. In addition, it is expected to extend mobile communication possibilities where earlier generations could not have developed. Several potential technologies are predicted to serve as the foundation of 6G networks. These include upcoming and current technologies such as post-quantum cryptography, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), enhanced edge computing, molecular communication, THz, visible light communication (VLC), and distributed ledger (DL) technologies such as blockchain. From a security and privacy perspective, these developments need a reconsideration of prior security traditional methods. New novel authentication, encryption, access control, communication, and malicious activity detection must satisfy the higher significant requirements of future networks. In addition, new security approaches are necessary to ensure trustworthiness and privacy. This paper provides insights into the critical problems and difficulties related to the security, privacy, and trust issues of 6G networks. Moreover, the standard technologies and security challenges per each technology are clarified. This paper introduces the 6G security architecture and improvements over the 5G architecture. We also introduce the security issues and challenges of the 6G physical layer. In addition, the AI/ML layers and the proposed security solution in each layer are studied. The paper summarizes the security evolution in legacy mobile networks and concludes with their security problems and the most essential 6G application services and their security requirements. Finally, this paper provides a complete discussion of 6G networks’ trustworthiness and solutions.

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“…Researchers have conducted studies to address the LoRaWAN key management issue [17], [33]. To improve security key management, researchers have proposed a method of updating the key, as the fundamental problem of LoRaWAN's key management is that the key has a constant value for a long time.…”

Section: B Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Session Key Update Scheme for LoRaWAN

et al. 2022

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This paper proposes a novel Long-range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) session key updating scheme to enhance the security of LoRaWAN with cost-effective communication that provides a unique key for each communication session. The scheme consists of three sequential stages, initialization, keying material preparation, and key updating, on the basis of the truncated Photon-256 algorithm with updatable keying materials. These stages are structured by a set of novel communication protocols. To prove the uniqueness of the key, we validated its sequence bit randomness using the NIST 800-22 and ENT statistical test suites. The validation results show that the key passes all test parameters. Subsequently, the communication protocols were validated by using Scyther tools. We proved that these protocols ensure the security of the LoRaWAN key update scheme and guarantee that active interception does not occur. The analysis was performed by focusing on the security features of data confidentiality, integrity protection, mutual authentication, perfect forward secrecy, and replay attack resistance. Finally, a formal security analysis using GNY logic indicated that the overall security goals are achieved. The proposed scheme's performance was evaluated in terms of computational cost, communication cost, and storage. The computational cost needed by the scheme is very small, indicating that there is no additional burden on the backend system. The communication cost requires less traffic than previous solutions, yet it offers more robust security for LoRaWAN by producing a new key in every communication session. The scheme needs insignificant additional storage that is considered negligible.INDEX TERMS LoRaWAN security, session key update, key management, secure protocol, truncated Photon-256

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A Key Management Protocol Based on the Hash Chain Key Generation for Securing LoRaWAN Networks

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

A novel effective chain encryption approach based on deep learning for IoT-based low-power wide area networks

A novel effective chain encryption approach based on deep learning for IoT-based low-power wide area networks

Security Requirements and Challenges of 6G Technologies and Applications

A Novel Session Key Update Scheme for LoRaWAN

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