A job scheduling algorithm for delay and performance optimization in fog computing

Jamil, Bushra; Shojafar, Mohammad; Ahmed, Israr; Ullah, Atta; Munir, Kashif; Ijaz, Humaira

doi:10.1002/cpe.5581

Cited by 103 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…32 In addition, the most commonly used allocation algorithm is the shortest job first algorithm (SJF). The use of SJF in fog network 33 has been proved to be better than the traditional FIFO mechanism.…”

Section: Resource Allocation In a Fog Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault tolerant resource allocation in fog environment using game theory‐based reinforcement learning

Divya

2021

Concurrency and Computation

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Realtime decision making is associated with an on-demand, latency aware resource allocation. Fog nodes along with cloud infrastructure, when used effectively can ensure real-time decision making. In this article, we propose an efficient resource allocation and fault tolerance mechanism for the fog layer. Our work takes the advantage of game theory, where Nash equilibrium is the initial allocation strategy, which is then passed on to the reinforcement learner. The allocation is done proactively based on the network status and traffic history. The performance of our system is compared with the existing open shortest path first and neural network algorithms. Besides, fault tolerance mechanism has also been proposed which takes the advantage of the fail-over cluster formation to find the link failure and provide an alternate path in the smart switch, which is the networking component of the fog network. The proposed work gives an improved recovery time and average service time in case of failure with a recovery time of 32 ms. The experimental results are justified in terms of improved service time, lower delay, and optimal energy utilization. K E Y W O R D Sdeep reinforcement learning, failover cluster, fog computing, game theory, resource allocation INTRODUCTIONA surge in the importance of sensors and real-time monitoring has brought about the convergence of two major technologies, the cloud and Internet of Things (IoT), which lead to the emergence of cloud of Things. 1 Processing of large streaming data and providing low latent, power-efficient, high accurate decision making has yet again emerged a new technology-Fog Computing, proposed by CISCO. 2,3 This computing layer helps to alleviate congestion in the cloud by the execution of time-sensitive tasks and data filtering near the edge. 4 Researchers use the terms Edge/fog/mist computing based on the distance of the computing layer from the source of data. 5 Our work takes the advantage of the fog layer to execute the latency aware tasks and effectively distribute the load in the fog layer.One of the most commonly used techniques for load distribution is task or code offloading 6 which helps to distribute the load from the cloud to the lower layer. Latency sensitive tasks are offloaded to the intermediate layer near the edge for better performance. 7,8 This helps in a significant reduction of data being transferred to a remote location, thereby saving bandwidth utility.Software-defined network (SDN) plays a major role as the networking component in a fog network creation. The SDN is an intelligent paradigm of networking, which consists of two planes, the data and the control plane to take care of delivery and networking of the application. 9,10 The Open-Flow protocol ensures the communication between the control plane and the data plane, 11 which instructs the data plane reactively or proactively on packet handling.Traffic engineering plays a key role in path-finding and route establishment in a network. A good algorithm enhances the throughput and minimizes the d...

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Section: Resource Allocation In a Fog Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault tolerant resource allocation in fog environment using game theory‐based reinforcement learning

Divya

2021

Concurrency and Computation

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“…Jamil et al 87 developed a new fog computing scheduler capable of supporting service provisioning for IoE; this way, it could optimize delay and network usage. A case study was also carried out for the purpose of optimally scheduling the requests coming from IoE devices on Fog devices and addressing effectively their demands on existing resources on every Fog device.…”

Section: Organization Of the Task Schedulingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task scheduling approaches in fog computing: A systematic review

Alizadeh

Khajehvand

Rahmani

et al. 2020

Int J Communication

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SummaryThe Internet of Things (IoT) interconnects billions of physical objects to collect and exchange information and makes available various applications. Despite all the advantages of the IoT, some of its applications are not feasible because of the existing restrictions in the IoT sensors. To overcome these restrictions, cloud computing has been developed in recent years. Although cloud computing has removed some of these restrictions, the cloud itself has faced some other challenges. One of these challenges is the distance between the cloud and the end‐devices, which is not ideal for delay‐sensitive applications and also leads to high communication costs and security problems. To handle these challenges, the fog computing has been introduced in literature, which places the resources and services at the edge of the network, close to the end‐devices. On the other hand, fog nodes suffer from heterogeneity, uncertainty, and dispersion of resources, and also processing, storage, and memory limitations. Thus, there is need for a proper task scheduling approach to use these resources optimally. In this study, the task scheduling algorithms proposed by different researchers for the cloud‐fog environment, their advantages and disadvantages, and also various tools and issues regarding the scheduling methods and their restrictions were discussed. The results indicated that about 58% of the scheduling algorithms use static scheduling and that the other 42% use dynamic scheduling, and the delay metric is the most noteworthy parameter considered in most studies with a share of nearly 17%. Finally, we identified the open issues related to the task scheduling based on cloud‐fog computing and provided some directions for future works.

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“…If the number of vehicles increases, this will impact the required CPU capacity for an application module. In this case the number of connected vehicles for each fog node is limited as constraint (7).…”

Section: • Processing Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimising Delay and Energy in Online Dynamic Fog Systems

Alenizi¹,

Rana²

2020

Computer Science &Amp; Information Technology (CS &Amp; IT)

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The increasing use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices generates a greater demand for data transfers and puts increased pressure on networks. Additionally, connectivity to cloud services can be costly and inefficient. Fog computing provides resources in proximity to user devices to overcome these drawbacks. However, optimisation of quality of service (QoS) in IoT applications and the management of fog resources are becoming challenging problems. This paper describes a dynamic online offloading scheme in vehicular traffic applications that require execution of delay-sensitive tasks. This paper proposes a combination of two algorithms: dynamic task scheduling (DTS) and dynamic energy control (DEC) that aim to minimise overall delay, enhance throughput of user tasks and minimise energy consumption at the fog layer while maximising the use of resource-constrained fog nodes. Compared to other schemes, our experimental results show that these algorithms can reduce the delay by up to 80.79% and reduce energy consumption by up to 66.39% in fog nodes. Additionally, this approach enhances task execution throughput by 40.88%.

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A job scheduling algorithm for delay and performance optimization in fog computing

Cited by 103 publications

References 29 publications

Fault tolerant resource allocation in fog environment using game theory‐based reinforcement learning

Fault tolerant resource allocation in fog environment using game theory‐based reinforcement learning

Task scheduling approaches in fog computing: A systematic review

Minimising Delay and Energy in Online Dynamic Fog Systems

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