A Japanese case of amoebic meningoencephalitis initially diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid cytology

Aoki, Ryogo; Sakakima, Toshimasa; Ohashi, Asuka; Niwa, Riyoko; Matsuyama, Masashi; Etori, Fumimasa; Watanabe, Naoki; Yagita, Kenji; Tanaka, Takuji

doi:10.1002/ccr3.2953

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Although it was virtually impossible to diagnose GAE based on an open brain biopsy while the patient was alive, in several studies, B. mandrillaris has been detected in CSF as an alternative method. 7,11 However, once the organism migrates through blood vessels and spreads into the brain, treatment becomes extremely difficult. The identification of the pathogen in CSF may be useful for antemortem diagnosis, but it is uncertain whether it also helps to improve patient care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An autopsy case of granulomatous amebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris involving prior amebic dermatitis

et al. 2022

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An 82‐year‐old man, who was healthy and had worked as a farmer, experienced worsening neurological symptoms over a seven‐month period, which eventually caused his death. Multiple fluctuating brain lesions were detected radiographically. Clinically, sarcoidosis was ranked high among the differential diagnoses because of the presence of skin lesions showing granulomatous inflammation, confirmed by biopsy. The patient's cerebrospinal fluid was also examined, but no definitive diagnosis was made while he was alive. An autopsy revealed multiple granulomatous amebic encephalitis lesions in the brain. Genetic and immunohistochemical analyses identified Balamuthia (B.) mandrillaris, a free‐living ameba, which resides in soil and fresh water, as the causative organism. A retrospective examination revealed B. mandrillaris in the biopsied skin as well as cerebrospinal fluid, strongly suggesting that the ameba had spread into the brain percutaneously. Few studies have detailed the cutaneous pathology of B. mandrillaris infections. In general, granulomatous amebic encephalitis is extremely difficult to diagnose without autopsy, but the present case provides a clue that could allow similar cases to be diagnosed earlier; that is, the presence of skin lesions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An autopsy case of granulomatous amebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris involving prior amebic dermatitis

et al. 2022

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Balamuthia spinosa n. sp. (Amoebozoa, Discosea) from the brackish-water sediments of Nivå Bay (Baltic Sea, The Sound) — a novel potential vector of Legionella pneumophila in the environment

et al. 2022

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A case of Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis Caused by <i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i>, with Multiple Cutaneous Lesions

et al. 2021

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A Japanese case of amoebic meningoencephalitis initially diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid cytology

Abstract: Microscopy can detect the presence of amoebic trophozoites in cerebrospinal fluid and tissue. The infection was confirmed in the present case by polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, but we were unable to achieve a cure. Our case rapidly progressed without any skin lesions.

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

An autopsy case of granulomatous amebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris involving prior amebic dermatitis

An autopsy case of granulomatous amebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris involving prior amebic dermatitis

Balamuthia spinosa n. sp. (Amoebozoa, Discosea) from the brackish-water sediments of Nivå Bay (Baltic Sea, The Sound) — a novel potential vector of Legionella pneumophila in the environment

A case of Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis Caused by <i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i>, with Multiple Cutaneous Lesions

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