A Janus Au–Polymersome Heterostructure with Near‐Field Enhancement Effect for Implant‐Associated Infection Phototherapy

Abstract

Polymer–inorganic hybrid Janus nanoparticles (PI‐JNPs) have attracted extensive attention due to their special structures and functions. However, achieving the synergistic enhancement of photochemical activity between polymer and inorganic moieties in PI‐JNPs remains challenging. Herein, the construction of a novel Janus Au–porphyrin polymersome (J‐AuPPS) heterostructure by a facile one‐step photocatalytic synthesis is reported. The near‐field enhancement (NFE) effect between porphyrin polymersome (PPS) and Au nanoparticles in J‐AuPPS is achieved to enhance its near‐infrared (NIR) light absorption and electric/thermal field intensity at their interface, which improves the energy transfer and energetic charge‐carrier generation. Therefore, J‐AuPPS shows a higher NIR‐activated photothermal conversion efficiency (48.4%) and generates more singlet oxygen compared with non‐Janus core–particle Au–PPS nanostructure (28.4%). As a result, J‐AuPPS exhibits excellent dual‐mode (photothermal/photodynamic) antibacterial and anti‐biofilm performance, thereby significantly enhancing the in vivo therapeutic effect in an implant‐associated‐infection rat model. This work is believed to motivate the rational design of advanced hybrid JNPs with desirable NFE effect and further extend their biological applications.

Near-Infrared-II-Activatable Self-Assembled Manganese Porphyrin-Gold Heterostructures for Photoacoustic Imaging-Guided Sonodynamic-Augmented Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy

“…Therefore, a possible mechanism was proposed (Figure i), under US or 1064 nm light irradiation, electrons of Au NPs transferred to the SM NPs. Simultaneously, the photogenerated or sound-generated carriers generated inside the SM NPs are separated by the built-in electric field, transmitted through the π–π channel, and reached on the surface of the SM NPs in the end. ,, The generated electrons can convert O 2 into intermediate superoxide anion radicals ( • O 2 – ), and then the generated holes can further oxidize • O 2 – to 1 O 2 . − The SMA heterostructures significantly enhances the separation of electrons and holes and improves catalytic efficiency.…”

Development of organic photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy

“…Recently, Zhou's group constructed a novel Janus Au-porphyrin polymersome (J-AuPPS) heterostructure, and the near field enhancement (NFE) effect between Au nanoparticles and porphyrin polymersomes (PPSs) enhanced the NIR light absorption and electric/thermal field intensity at their interface, improving energy transfer and energetic charge-carrier generation. 46 Compared with the non-Janus core-particle Au-PPS nanostructure (CP-AuPPS), J-AuPPS showed a higher photothermal conversion efficiency and 1 O 2 yield under an 808 nm laser, which increased from 28.4% to 48.4% and 18% to 55%, respectively. For the treatment of chronic wounds, Sun et al cooperated with photodynamic, photothermal and gaseous therapy to construct TP-Por CON@BNN6, which encapsulates the NO donor BNN6 into porphyrin-based COF nanosheets (Fig.…”

“…Recently, Zhou's group constructed a novel Janus Au-porphyrin polymersome (J-AuPPS) heterostructure, and the near field enhancement (NFE) effect between Au nanoparticles and porphyrin polymersomes (PPSs) enhanced the NIR light absorption and electric/thermal field intensity at their interface, improving energy transfer and energetic charge-carrier generation. 46 Compared with the non-Janus core-particle Au-PPS nanostructure (CP-AuPPS), J-AuPPS showed a higher photothermal conversion efficiency and 1 O 2…”

Photothermal Nanomaterials: A Powerful Light-to-Heat Converter

“…Since silica-cored Au nanoshells served as the first photothermal nanomaterials for clinical use, more and more inorganic agents with strong absorption in the NIR region, high chemical stability, adjustable water solubility, and minimal cytotoxicity have entered clinical trials. , Clinical trials have also been underway for small organic molecules due to their good biodegradability, good repeatability, and simple preparation. , Nevertheless, the major challenges for the clinical implementation of photothermal nanomaterials are the complex metabolism and excretion behaviors . The representative works on PTT with diverse photothermal nanomaterials in recent years − are summarized in Table .…”