A<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>strain producing a polyglutamate capsule resembling that of<i>Bacillus anthracis</i>

Cachat, Elise; Barker, Margaret; Read, Timothy D.; Priest, Fergus G.

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01231.x

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…The 35.5 kb region on pXO2 that contains a cluster of PCVR‐regulated genes has also been suggested to be within a PAI (Van der Auwera et al ., ). This region, containing the capsule biosynthetic operon and the acpA and acpB genes, is similar to sequences found in at least two virulent B. cereus strains and a Bacillus thuringiensis that harbors homologues of the capBCA genes (Cachat et al ., ). PCVR‐regulated genes in other species have also been found within PAIs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Regulons and protein–protein interactions of PRD‐containing Bacillus anthracis virulence regulators reveal overlapping but distinct functions

Raynor¹,

Roh²,

Widen

et al. 2018

Molecular Microbiology

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Bacillus anthracis produces three regulators, AtxA, AcpA and AcpB, which control virulence gene transcription and belong to an emerging class of regulators termed 'PCVRs' (Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase regulation Domain-Containing Virulence Regulators). AtxA, named for its control of toxin gene expression, is the master virulence regulator and archetype PCVR. AcpA and AcpB are less well studied. Reports of PCVR activity suggest overlapping function. AcpA and AcpB independently positively control transcription of the capsule biosynthetic operon capBCADE, and culture conditions that enhance AtxA level or activity result in capBCADE transcription in strains lacking acpA and acpB. We used RNA-Seq to assess the regulons of the paralogous regulators in strains constructed to express individual PCVRs at native levels. Plasmid and chromosome-borne genes were PCVR controlled, with AtxA, AcpA and AcpB having a ≥ 4-fold effect on transcript levels of 145, 130 and 49 genes respectively. Several genes were coregulated by two or three PCVRs. We determined that AcpA and AcpB form homomultimers, as shown previously for AtxA, and we detected AtxA-AcpA heteromultimers. In co-expression experiments, AcpA activity was reduced by increased levels of AtxA. Our data show that the PCVRs have specific and overlapping activity and that PCVR stoichiometry and potential heteromultimerization can influence target gene expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Regulons and protein–protein interactions of PRD‐containing Bacillus anthracis virulence regulators reveal overlapping but distinct functions

Raynor¹,

Roh²,

Widen

et al. 2018

Molecular Microbiology

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“…2) included B. thuringiensis strains isolated from soils in Mexico, Pakistan, and Spain, not known to have any pathogenicity for mammals (serovars monterrey, pulsiensis, and andalousensis, respectively). Serovar monterrey (bthur007) was recently identified as containing poly-D glutamate capsule genes orthologous to B. anthracis (Cachat et al 2008). Other close relatives of B. anthracis included two human clinical strains that caused endocarditis and fatal pneumonia (bcer16/BCAH8).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic characterization of theBacillus cereussensu lato species: Backdrop to the evolution ofBacillus anthracis

Zwick¹,

Joseph²,

Didelot³

et al. 2012

Genome Res.

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148

139

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The key genes required for Bacillus anthracis to cause anthrax have been acquired recently by horizontal gene transfer. To understand the genetic background for the evolution of B. anthracis virulence, we obtained high-redundancy genome sequences of 45 strains of the Bacillus cereus sensu lato (s.l.) species that were chosen for their genetic diversity within the species based on the existing multilocus sequence typing scheme. From the resulting data, we called more than 324,000 new genes representing more than 12,333 new gene families for this group. The core genome size for the B. cereus s.l. group was ∼1750 genes, with another 2150 genes found in almost every genome constituting the extended core. There was a paucity of genes specific and conserved in any clade. We found no evidence of recent large-scale gene loss in B. anthracis or for unusual accumulation of nonsynonymous DNA substitutions in the chromosome; however, several B. cereus genomes isolated from soil and not previously associated with human disease were degraded to various degrees. Although B. anthracis has undergone an ecological shift within the species, its chromosome does not appear to be exceptional on a macroscopic scale compared with close relatives.

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“…Monterrey strain BGSC 4AJ1 produced a c-PGA capsule similar to that of B. anthracis (Cachat et al, 2008). B. thuringiensis sv.…”

Section: Other Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly-γ-glutamic acid: production, properties and applications

et al. 2015

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ABacillus thuringiensisstrain producing a polyglutamate capsule resembling that ofBacillus anthracis

Cited by 32 publications

References 31 publications

Regulons and protein–protein interactions of PRD‐containing Bacillus anthracis virulence regulators reveal overlapping but distinct functions

Regulons and protein–protein interactions of PRD‐containing Bacillus anthracis virulence regulators reveal overlapping but distinct functions

Genomic characterization of theBacillus cereussensu lato species: Backdrop to the evolution ofBacillus anthracis

Poly-γ-glutamic acid: production, properties and applications

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