A Hystopathological Study of Thyroarytenoid Muscle Invasion in Early (T1) Glottic Carcinoma

Abstract

Our finding TA muscle invasion at the rate of 31.2% in our 16 case series clinically staged as T1 revealed that deep invasion did not always impair the vocal cord mobility. Observing TA muscle invasion at the rate of 50% in cases involving the one-third anterior part of the vocal cord and the anterior commissure suggested that TA muscle invasion in the anterior part did not significantly impair mobility.

Middle Frontal Horizontal Partial Laryngectomy (MFHPL): A Treatment for Stage T1b Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Glottic Larynx Involving Anterior Vocal Commissure

“…A tumor involving AVC may have already invaded the thyroid cartilage and surrounding sub-regions even it represents a small bump on the AVC surface. Therefore, the clinical stage of glottic laryngeal tumors involving AVC might be under-estimated, which may affect the choice of treatment strategy and prognosis [1], [14]. In line with this notion, we found that although all patients were graded as stage T1b stage before the procedure, four patients were actually detected with thyroid cartilage invasion by postoperative pathological evaluation and should be re-graded as T3 stage.…”

Vocal fold composition and early glottic carcinoma infiltration

“…These depths were well short of achieving muscular layer breach, which rarely occurs at depths shallower than 2.45 ± 0.59 mm (sum of mucosa and submucosa layer depths). Thus, T1-staged tumors are generally limited to the vocal fold and will not impair vocal fold abduction, indicating that T1 tumors are constrained to the submucosa layer [21]. Conversely, some studies have indicated contradictory findings, including a study by Kocatürk and colleagues [21] that showed muscle invasion in 5 of 16 T1 subjects (tumor depth of 2 to 3 mm).…”

“…Thus, T1-staged tumors are generally limited to the vocal fold and will not impair vocal fold abduction, indicating that T1 tumors are constrained to the submucosa layer [21]. Conversely, some studies have indicated contradictory findings, including a study by Kocatürk and colleagues [21] that showed muscle invasion in 5 of 16 T1 subjects (tumor depth of 2 to 3 mm). Manola and colleagues [10] also recorded a maximum average tumor depth of 2.18 mm for T1 glottic carcinomas, suggesting that tumors may have breached the muscular layer.…”

“…When frozen, samples tend to expand, such that, even with rapid freezing, tissues are reported to enlarge by 6%. Formalin fixation and dehydration causes even more drastic changes in tissue size, resulting in shrinking of up to 30% [21]. Thus, the actual measurements were assumed to exist between these two measurements in the present study.…”

The importance of comorbidity on the survival of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

“…Pored endolarinksa, ovom metodom se pregledaju i baza jezika, valekule i hipofarinks. Smanjena pokretljivost ili nepokretnost glasnica, epiglotisa ili ventrikularnih nabora je posledica submukozne infiltracije tumorom [49]. Pojedine zone larinksa su često teško pristupačne ovom vidu pregleda kao što su: prednja komisura, Morganjijev (Morgagni) ventrikulus, dno piriformnog sinusa i subglotisna regija.…”