A hyphenated echelle LIBS-Raman system for multi-purpose applications

Abstract

We have developed and standardized a novel hybrid laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)-Raman system using a single pulsed laser and a high-resolution intensified charge coupled device coupled echelle spectrograph. LIBS and Raman spectroscopy are highly complementary techniques which yield elemental and molecular information. Both techniques share an apparently similar instrumental configuration but need entirely different requirements like spectral range covered, resolution, and light-gathering efficiencies. There are thus many challenges to be faced in developing a combined system. In the present work, we show that an echelle spectrograph combined with a compact Q-switched Nd:YAG laser operating at 532 nm as an excitation source in a portable configuration can be efficiently used for such multi-purpose spectroscopy. Atomic and molecular emissions from the sample surface have been recorded in a gated mode using this setup. Compared to conventional spectrographs, echelle provides simultaneous broad bandpass (250-900 nm) and better spectral resolution at an extremely small fixed slit width of 10 × 50 μm without moving the dispersive elements. The echelle-based hyphenated system provides fast and reliable analysis of materials with combined atomic and molecular spectra of the same spot with better reliability. In this paper, we discuss the optimization of various instrumental parameters and optical components of this hyphenated system using a medium Raman cross section sample, CaCO. The feasibility of single shot LIBS-Raman measurement capabilities of echelle has also been demonstrated using the developed system.

Evaluation of electrolyte element composition in human tissue by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)

“…With this in mind, the results of this study must be validated in a larger number of cases and applied to other natively lasered tissue types. Hyphenated systems like LIBS-Raman spectroscopy 7 , 8 , coherent anti-Stokes spectroscopy 35 , 36 or multi-modal optical spectroscopic sensors 54 , 55 can certainly analyze molecular and elemental behavior within biological tissues in even greater detail and with higher spatial resolution. This work has focused on LIBS in particular, as LIBS is not limited to surface analysis, but can also function under difficult analytical conditions, such as living or native tissue cells.…”

“…At present, indirect and direct measurement techniques are frequently combined to provide even much more information about a biological sample. In this context, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is frequently used as a direct measurement technique for hybrid systems 7 , 8 .…”

Simultaneous Application of Raman and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in the Gas Phase with a Single Laser and Detector

“…Therefore, it is not surprising that these two tools have already seen quite a few joint applications. [5][6][7][8] The most prominent example is certainly the Mars Perseverance rover that carries Raman and LIBS instruments for analyzing Martian soil. 9 In those joint applications, the Raman and LIBS are often separated from each other: there are two different laser sources and two detection systems.…”

“…Therefore, it is not surprising that these two tools have already seen quite a few joint applications. 5 – 8 The most prominent example is certainly the Mars Perseverance rover that carries Raman and LIBS instruments for analyzing Martian soil. 9 …”