A hydrometallurgical process for the separation and recovery of antimony

Yang, Jian-Guang; Wu, Yong-tian

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2014.01.002

Cited by 63 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…1,[42][43][44][45][46][47] The room temperature hydrolysis of Sb(III)-HCl solutions was studied in detail by Hashimoto et al and they showed that at low pH (1-4) Sb(III) ions are hydrolyzed to form SbOCl (s) and Sb 4 O 5 Cl 2(s) , and above pH 4.5 Sb 2 O 3(s) is formed. 1,[42][43][44][45][46][47] The room temperature hydrolysis of Sb(III)-HCl solutions was studied in detail by Hashimoto et al and they showed that at low pH (1-4) Sb(III) ions are hydrolyzed to form SbOCl (s) and Sb 4 O 5 Cl 2(s) , and above pH 4.5 Sb 2 O 3(s) is formed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a scrubbing step is required, where the IL is contacted with an aqueous solution in order to remove the unwanted elements: Mn(II) and Ca(II) and the co-extracted HCl from the IL. 46,47 NaOH is preferred here as it forms a (non-toxic) NaCl effluent. Next, the Sb(III) ions have to be removed (stripped) from the IL.…”

Section: Separation Of Antimonymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,[42][43][44][45][46][47] It is widely used in the purification of antimony and the production of highquality Sb 2 O 3 . 1,[42][43][44][45][46][47] It is widely used in the purification of antimony and the production of highquality Sb 2 O 3 .…”

Section: Separation Of Antimonymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Antimony recovery from the halophosphate fraction in lamp phosphor waste: a zero-waste approach

Dupont

Binnemans

2016

Green Chem.

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Antimony is becoming an increasingly critical element as the supply-demand gap is expected to exceed 10% over the period 2015-2020. Antimony production is primarily concentrated in China (90%) and as the industrial demand for this metal surges, attention has to turn towards the recovery of antimony from (industrial) waste residues and end-of-life products in order to guarantee a sustainable supply of antimony. Although lamp phosphor waste is usually considered as a source of rare earths, it also contains significant amounts of antimony in the form of the white halophosphate phosphor (Ca,Sr) 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (Cl,F):Sb 3+ , Mn 2+ (HALO). HALO phosphor readily dissolves in dilute acidic conditions, making antimony far more accessible than in the main production route which is the energy intensive processing of stibnite ore (Sb 2 S 3 ). HALO makes up 50 wt% of the lamp phosphor waste, but it has been systematically overlooked and treated as an undesired residue in the efforts to recover rare earths from lamp phosphor waste. In this paper, the feasibility of antimony recovery is discussed and an efficient process is proposed. The HALO phosphor is first dissolved in dilute HCl at room temperature, followed by a selective extraction of antimony with the ionic liquid Aliquat® 336. The remaining leachate is valorized as apatite which is a feed for the phosphate and fertilizer industry. A zero-waste valorization approach was followed, meaning that no residue or waste was accepted and that all the elements were converted into useful products. This paper thus emphasizes the potential of lamp phosphor waste as a secondary source of antimony and describes a sustainable process to recover it. The process can be integrated in lamp phosphor recycling schemes aimed at recovering rare earths.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Separation Of Antimonymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimony recovery from the halophosphate fraction in lamp phosphor waste: a zero-waste approach

Dupont

Binnemans

2016

Green Chem.

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“…These impurities can easily be removed by smelting the crude metal with soda (Na 2 CO 3 )orsodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ), in the course of which they are oxidized and driven into the slag. [3,21] [3,5,6,9,14] Independent from the recovery process,f urther purification is achieved by refining electrolysis with Sb anodes,w ith cathodic deposition producing pure antimony metal.…”

Section: Roast-reaction Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valuable Metals—Recovery Processes, Current Trends, and Recycling Strategies

et al. 2017

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This Review provides an overview of valuable metals, the supply of which has been classified as critical for Europe. Starting with a description of the current state of the art, novel approaches for their recovery from primary resources are presented as well as recycling processes. The focus lies on developments since 2005. Chemistry strategies which are used in metal recovery are summarized on the basis of the individual types of deposit and mineral. In addition, the economic importance as well as utilization of the metals is outlined.

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“…The alkaline sulphide system has been used industrially in the former Soviet Union, China, Australia and America (Yang and Wu, 2013;. However, the fatal shortcoming of the hydrometallurgical process is the low current efficiency of Sb electrodeposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%