A hydrogen sulphide-responsive and depleting nanoplatform for cancer photodynamic therapy

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as an important biological gasotransmitter plays a pivotal role in many physiological and pathological processes. The sensitive and quantitative detection of H2S level is therefore crucial for precise diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of various diseases but remains a huge challenge due to the lack of accurate and reliable analytical methods in vivo. In this work, we report a smart, H2S-responsive and depleting nanoplatform (ZNNPs) for quantitative and real-time imaging of endogenous H2S for early diagnosis and treatment of H2S-associated diseases. We show that ZNNPs exhibit unexpected NIR conversion (F1070 → F720) and ratiometric photoacoustic (PA680/PA900) signal responsiveness towards H2S, allowing for sensitive and quantitative visualization of H2S in acute hepatotoxicity, cerebral hemorrhage model as well as colorectal tumors in living mice. ZNNPs@FA simultaneously scavenges the mitochondrial H2S in tumors leading to significant ATP reduction and severe mitochondrial damage, together with the activated photodynamic effect, resulting in efficient suppression of colorectal tumor growth in mice. We believe that this platform may provide a powerful tool for studying the vital impacts of H2S in related diseases.

Recent developments in bismuth oxyhalide-based functional nanomaterials for biomedical applications

“…[166][167][168] Compared with commonly used RT and chemotherapy methods, PDT has the advantages of low systemic toxicity, great cell selectivity, and simple operation. 169,170…”

Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy Against Cancer Metastasis by Ultrasound-Mediated Oxygen Microbubble Destruction to Boost Tumor-Targeted Delivery of Oxygen and Renal-Clearable Photosensitizer Micelles

“…Although some porphyrin-based hydrophobic photosensitizers were approved as PDT drugs for clinical use, the PDT outcome is often compromised by the inherent hydrophobicity, insufficient tumor accumulation, tumor hypoxia, and adverse effects due to nonspecific accumulation in skin, liver, spleen, and so forth . Therefore, various inorganic and organic nanomaterials including metallic nanoparticles, carbon-based materials, and cyanine dye-related nanomaterials were fabricated for enhanced PDT. − However, most of the above nanoparticles accumulate in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) such as liver and spleen, resulting in slow and inefficient clearance of nanoparticles and leading to the potential toxicity of trapped nanomaterials in RES. − Given the glomerular capillary cutoff diameter of 10 nm, ultrasmall nanoparticles with a diameter less than 10 nm could be rapidly excreted through kidney. − In addition, smaller particle size is an appealing feature for deeper and more uniform delivery of nanomaterials in tumors. However, the size of sub-10 nm also results in reduced efficacy of passive targeting through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in tumors.…”

An Endogenous H2S-Activated Nanoplatform for Triple Synergistic Therapy of Colorectal Cancer

“… , The PB-to-PW conversion was conducted by the reduction of Fe II –CN–Fe III to Fe II –CN–Fe II , thus resulting in an enhanced generation of hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) through ferrous-catalyzed Fenton reaction. In this study, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), as a classic H 2 S donor, was used to simulate endogenous H 2 S . To verify the H 2 S-responsive property of HMPB, the conversion behavior of HMPB by NaHS was studied by using UV–vis spectrophotometry (Figures a and S8).…”

“…32,39 The PB-to-PW conversion was conducted by the reduction of Fe II −CN−Fe III to Fe II −CN−Fe II , thus resulting in an enhanced generation of hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) through ferrous-catalyzed Fenton reaction. In this study, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), as a classic H 2 S donor, was used to simulate endogenous H 2 S. 40 To verify the H 2 S-responsive property of HMPB, the conversion behavior of HMPB by NaHS was studied by using UV−vis spectrophotometry (Figures 2a and S8). It is clear that the UV−vis absorption intensity of HMPB at 715 nm shows an obvious decrease with the addition of NaHS in weak acidic condition, suggesting that there exists a reaction between HMPB and NaHS.…”