A hydrodynamic model for estimating the energetic cost of swimming maneuvers from a description of their geometry and dynamics

Hughes, Nicole; Kelly, L H

doi:10.1139/f96-204

Cited by 41 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Second, quantifying drag values for live swimming fish is also problematic and, depending on the theoretical approach, uncertainties remain (Schultz and Webb 2002). Published results (drag or C d values) on live fish at a given Re Ls are either comparable to (Gray 1957) or far below (Magnan 1930;Lang and Daybell 1963;Hughes and Kelly 1996) those obtained in this study. In contrast, the changes of C d values over Re Ls (Fig.…”

Section: Validity Of Rigid Body Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…In such habitats, the energetic loss due to swimming is considerable (Boisclair and Sirois 1993) and may be partly governed by morphological characters (Boily and Magnan 2002) and/or swimming behaviour (Borazjani and Sotiropoulos 2008). The energy expenditure of swimming fish has been estimated for several freshwater fish species (Fausch 1984;Hughes and Dill 1990;Frith and Blake 1995;Hughes and Kelly 1996;Pettersson and Brönmark 1999;Rosenfeld and Boss 2001), as well as robot-fish (Barrett et al 1999). These estimates rely upon field observations of fish swimming behaviour, respirometry experiments, numerical simulations or design and control of biomimetic swimming machines, which all may be quite costly.…”

Section: Scientific Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…modifies the drag measured on a rigid body), ecomorphological studies such as the present one have to be complemented by the commonly used energetic approach, which considers complex relations between biomechanics and forces acting on fish (e.g. Hughes and Kelly 1996).…”

Section: Drag Reynolds Number and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrodynamic abilities of riverine fish: a functional link between morphology and velocity use

Sagnes

Statzner

2009

Aquat. Living Resour.

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-To better understand the effects of perturbations (e.g. global change) or habitat restorations on fish population dynamics, it is crucial to improve the knowledge about strategies of habitat use (especially in terms of velocity use) by fish. Many recent studies accurately describe kinematics or energetic budgets of swimming activities, which are often species-specific and hardly transferable to other species. The main goal of the present study was to revive more general ecomorphological relationships between body shape and strategies of velocity use by highlighting a functional aspect of fish morphology: the hydrodynamic potential. For this purpose, potential relationships between minimum drag coefficients (C dmin , constant at high Reynolds numbers), velocity use, fish morphology and drag in given flow conditions were investigated. To assess these relationships, dead drag values (i.e. drag values measured on dead, straight individuals) of 27 riverine species (108 individuals in total) common in France were experimentally measured under various flow conditions. These values served to estimate the C dmin of fish. For pelagic species, C dmin values were related to both preferred and near-maximum flow velocity used by the fish in nature. Explaining 61% of its variability, C dmin was described using six morphological variables, which demonstrates the functional link between fish morphology and velocity use. For all studied species, a model explained 94% of drag variability using the Reynolds number of fish and three morphological variables. The link between morphology and drag force at given velocity conditions provides simple elements for modelling fish energetics in the context of physical habitat use. Moreover, the relationships between fish velocity use and their C dmin open many applied perspectives, such as assessing the species abilities to withstand discharge modulations.Key words: Ecomorphology / Adaptation / Drag coefficient / Habitat preferences / Fish energetics Résumé -Aptitudes hydrodynamiques des poissons dulçaquicoles : un lien fonctionnel entre morphologie et utilisation des vitesses de courant. Améliorer la connaissance des stratégies d'utilisation de l'habitat physique (notamment des vitesses de courant) par les poissons est cruciale pour mieux comprendre et/ou estimer les effets de perturbations (e.g. changement global) ou de restaurations sur la dynamique des populations piscicoles. Des études récentes décrivent précisément des cinématiques ou des bilans énergétiques de nage, souvent spécifiques et difficilement transposables à d'autres espèces. Le but de cette étude est de revenir à des relations écomorphologiques générales entre forme du corps et utilisation des vitesses de courant, en s'intéressant à un aspect fonctionnel de la morphologie des poissons : leur potentialité hydrodynamique. Pour cela, les relations entre le coefficient de traînée minimum (C dmin , constant aux forts nombres de Reynolds), l'utilisation des vitesses de courant, la morphologie des poissons et la force de ...

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Section: Validity Of Rigid Body Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Scientific Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrodynamic abilities of riverine fish: a functional link between morphology and velocity use

Sagnes

Statzner

2009

Aquat. Living Resour.

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“…This mesh cage was not used during trials with blacktip sharks because it appeared to induce stress in the animals. Using a circular tank may increase overall costs of swimming compared with straight-line swimming because of the increased energy required for turning (Hughes and Kelly, 1996;Wilson et al, 2013a,b). However, this factor should be accounted for by the accelerometers, as the increased costs of turning are associated with the increased body movement required for turning.…”

Section: Respirometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations of metabolic rate and body acceleration in three species of coastal sharks under contrasting temperature regimes

Lear

Whitney

Brewster

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The ability to produce estimates of the metabolic rate of free-ranging animals is fundamental to the study of their ecology. However, measuring the energy expenditure of animals in the field has proved difficult, especially for aquatic taxa. Accelerometry presents a means of translating metabolic rates measured in the laboratory to individuals studied in the field, pending appropriate laboratory calibrations. Such calibrations have only been performed on a few fish species to date, and only one where the effects of temperature were accounted for. Here, we present calibrations between activity, measured as overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA), and metabolic rate, measured through respirometry, for nurse sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum), lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) and blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus). Calibrations were made at a range of volitional swimming speeds and experimental temperatures. Linear mixed models were used to determine a predictive equation for metabolic rate based on measured ODBA values, with the optimal model using ODBA in combination with activity state and temperature to predict metabolic rate in lemon and nurse sharks, and ODBA and temperature to predict metabolic rate in blacktip sharks. This study lays the groundwork for calculating the metabolic rate of these species in the wild using acceleration data.

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“…Generally, data on swimming cost and swimming speed are obtained by experimental studies (Boisclair & Leggett, 1989;Boisclair, 1992a;Bjö rnsson, 1993;Hughes & Kelly, 1996a). But in these studies swimming performance and behaviour are affected as the fish are forced to swim at fixed or increasing current speeds (Hammer, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroacoustic measurement of swimming speed of North Sea saithe in the field

Pedersen¹

2001

Journal of Fish Biology

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Saithe Pollachius virens, tracked diurnally with a split-beam echosounder, showed no relationship between size and swimming speed. The average and the median swimming speeds were 1·05 m s 1 ( 0·09 m s 1 ) and 0·93 m s 1 , respectively. However, ping-to-ping speeds up to 3·34 m s 1 were measured for 25-29 cm fish, whose swimming speeds were significantly higher at night (1·08 m s 1 ) than during the day (0·72 m s 1 ). The high average swimming speed could be related to the foraging or streaming part of the population and not to potential weakness of the methodology. However, the uncertainty of target location increased with depth and resulted in calculated average swimming speeds of 0·15 m s 1 even for a stationary target. With increasing swimming speed the average error decreased to 0 m s 1 for speeds >0·34 m s 1 . Species identity was verified by trawling in a pelagic layer and on the bottom. 2001 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

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A hydrodynamic model for estimating the energetic cost of swimming maneuvers from a description of their geometry and dynamics

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Hydrodynamic abilities of riverine fish: a functional link between morphology and velocity use

Hydrodynamic abilities of riverine fish: a functional link between morphology and velocity use

Correlations of metabolic rate and body acceleration in three species of coastal sharks under contrasting temperature regimes

Hydroacoustic measurement of swimming speed of North Sea saithe in the field

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