A hydrochloric acid process for nickeliferous laterites

Rice, N.M.

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2015.09.017

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…At 50 °C, it takes 250 minutes to achieve 100% extraction of iron, whereas for those at 70 and 90 °C, it takes only 125 and 25 minutes, respectively. The profile of metal dissolution from laterite ore in acid solution at temperature 50 °C or higher usually follows the similar pattern, in which the extraction percentage of metals increase drastically as the leaching time increase, until it reaches a turning curve where the dissolution of the metals becomes very much slower than before (Rice, 2016). .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

The kinetic profile of iron dissolution from laterite ore in chloric acid solution

Solihin¹,

Arinaldo

Dewi

et al. 2019

IMJ

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Indonesia has large amount of laterite deposits located in Southeast Sulawesi. The laterite contains significant amount of iron. The ore has been processed through high temperature. The high temperature consumes a lot of energy and releases a lot of carbon dioxide. The low temperature of the process is simple and needs less energy. Leaching the ore is the important stage in low temperature which determines the recovery of valuable metal from the ore. This work observes the kinetic aspect of iron dissolution in the process based on the shrinking core model. The data of iron dissolution at temperature 30, 50, 70 and 90 °C are plotted into chemical reaction control and diffusion control equations. The result shows that at 30 and 50 °C, the whole leaching process is controlled by the rate balance between chemical reaction and diffusion, whereas at 70 and 90 °C, the reaction is controlled by diffusion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

The kinetic profile of iron dissolution from laterite ore in chloric acid solution

Solihin¹,

Arinaldo

Dewi

et al. 2019

IMJ

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“…In addition, more than 70% of the world's known nickel reserves are found in laterite ores 5,7,9,10 . Recent advances have reduced the dependence on nickel sulfide ores and have opened a new vista for use of laterites as a new source of nickel ore 11,12 . Laterites, therefore, will be more important in the production of nickel and cobalt and is expected to account for 80% of nickel reserves and 90–95% of cobalt deposits in future 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…chemical control, diffusion control, dissolution kinetics, laterite, shrinking core model the dependence on nickel sulfide ores and have opened a new vista for use of laterites as a new source of nickel ore. 11,12 Laterites, therefore, will be more important in the production of nickel and cobalt and is expected to account for 80% of Int J Chem Kinet. 2020;52:283-298.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolution optimization and kinetics of nickel and cobalt from iron‐rich laterite ore, using sulfuric acid at atmospheric pressure

Nasab

Noaparast

Abdollahi

2020

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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More than 70% of the world's nickel reserves are found in laterite ores. In this research, a laterite ore sample, containing Ni, Co, and Fe, was employed to study the recovery of nickel and cobalt. Thus, the effect of calcination, acid concentration, percent solids, and stirring rate on nickel and cobalt recoveries from an iron‐rich laterite sample was investigated. Optimization with response surface methodology and kinetic studies were performed. The calcination of the sample prior to leaching at 500°C for 2 h provided condition for better nickel and cobalt dissolutions. At optimal conditions, the concentration of sulfuric acid, solid‐to‐liquid ratio, stirring speed, temperature, and time test were equal to 5 M, 0.1, 370 rpm, 90°C, and 2 h, respectively. The highest recoveries of nickel and cobalt were 65.9% and 63.1%, respectively. Solids content had a negative effect on Ni and Co recovery, whereas acid concentration was positively affected. Addition of 10% (w/v) NaCl in the presence of 5 M acid concentration, 60°C, 370 rpm, and leaching time of 2 h increased the nickel and cobalt recoveries, 15.3% and 21.4%, respectively. The high dependence of process on temperature indicates chemical control; the activation energies Ea = 59.54 and Ea = 45.74 kJ/mol, respectively, for nickel and cobalt, were also consistent with this conclusion.

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“…The majority of studies aim at optimizing the conditions of atmospheric leaching, in order to maximize Ni and Co extraction, and fewer deal with the purification of pregnant leach solution (PLS), which has low concentrations of Ni (0.8-3.3 g/L) and Co (0.05-0.2 g/L) and high concentrations of the major elements, mainly Fe (13-37 g/L) and Mg (8-40 g/L) [13,14]. The main processes for PLS purification include precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Counter-Current Leaching of Low-Grade Laterites with Hydrochloric Acid and Proposed Purification Options of Pregnant Solution

et al. 2018

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A hydrochloric acid hydrometallurgical process was evaluated for Ni and Co extraction from a low-grade saprolitic laterite. The main characteristics of the process were (i) the application of a counter-current mode of operation as the main leaching step (CCL), and (ii) the treatment of pregnant leach solution (PLS) with a series of simple precipitation steps. It was found that, during CCL, co-dissolution of Fe was maintained at very low levels, i.e., about 0.6%, which improved the effectiveness of the subsequent PLS purification step. The treatment of PLS involved an initial precipitation step for the removal of trivalent metals, Fe, Al, and Cr, using Mg(OH)2. The process steps that followed aimed at separating Ni and Co from Mn and the alkaline earths Mg and Ca, by a combination of repetitive oxidative precipitation and dissolution steps. Magnesium and calcium remained in the aqueous phase, Mn was removed as a solid residue of Mn(III)–Mn(IV) oxides, while Ni and Co were recovered as a separate aqueous stream. It was found that the overall Ni and Co recoveries were 40% and 38%, respectively. About 45% of Ni and 37% of Co remained in the leach residue, while 15% Ni and 20% Co were lost in the Mn oxides.

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A hydrochloric acid process for nickeliferous laterites

Cited by 33 publications

References 37 publications

The kinetic profile of iron dissolution from laterite ore in chloric acid solution

The kinetic profile of iron dissolution from laterite ore in chloric acid solution

Dissolution optimization and kinetics of nickel and cobalt from iron‐rich laterite ore, using sulfuric acid at atmospheric pressure

Counter-Current Leaching of Low-Grade Laterites with Hydrochloric Acid and Proposed Purification Options of Pregnant Solution

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