“…The first type is the refractive index sensor, which infers the refractive index of the analyte attached to the sensor surface based on the change of the sensor’s resonant frequency. − The second type is the biosensor, capable of detecting DNA short sequences, thrombin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) biomarkers, glucose, − microorganisms, and corneal tissues, ensuring food security, and identifying viruses , and cancer cells, , while some other biosensors have been achieved through on-chip design. , Furthermore, the pesticide sensor is also a hot topic, aiming to detect pesticide concentration through variations in resonant peaks (frequency or amplitude shifts). Some recent works have focused on detecting pesticides like 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), chlorpyrifos-methyl, and phosalone. − In addition, other types of THz sensors include temperature metamaterial sensors for low-loss amplitude modulators and temperature-controlled THz devices, − as well as photonic sensors for ultrafast all-optical switching and precise label-free immunosensing. , …”