A Hybrid Structure of Piezoelectric Fibers and Soft Materials as a Smart Floatable Open-Water Wave Energy Converter

Abstract

An open-water wave energy converter (OWEC) made of a new soft platform has been developed by combining piezoelectric macro-fiber composites (MFCs) and a low-cost elastomer. In the past decades, numerous types of water wave energy conversion platform have been developed and investigated, from buoys to overtopping devices. These harvesters mainly use electromagnetic-based generators, and they have faced challenges such as their enormous size, high deployment and maintenance costs, and negative effects on the environment. These problems hinder their practicality and competitiveness. In this paper, a soft open-water wave energy converter is introduced which integrates piezoelectric MFCs and bubble wrap into an elastomer sheet. The performance of the OWEC was investigated in a wave flume as a floatable structure. The maximum 29.7 µW energy harvested from the small OWEC represents a promising energy conversion performance at low frequencies (<2 Hz). The elastomer was able to protect the MFCs and internal electrical connections without any degradation during the experiment. In addition, the OWEC is a foldable structure, which can reduce the deployment costs in real-world applications. The combination of no maintenance, low fabrication cost, low deployment cost, and moderate energy harvesting capability may advance the OWEC platform to its real-world applications.

A hydraulic soft microgripper for biological studies

“…The microgripper is fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) through low-cost soft material molding 60 – 62 . The required molds for this process were fabricated using a stereolithography 3D printer.…”

Adjustable Overtopping Wave Energy Converter by Using Smart Material

“…To predict and quantify the overtopping discharge rate of a coastal structure or equivalent, an exponential equation has been proposed in most cases. Equation (1) shows the most widely used form [8].…”

“…The abundance of ocean waves makes wave energy a candidate for sustainable green energy. There are many types of Wave Energy Converter (WEC) that can convert the mechanical motion of waves to electrical power [1,2]. However, the conversion efficiencies are mostly low while the costs are high when compared to the traditional fossil fuel-based power sources.…”