“…Unlike traditional methods, OPA avoids the need for data standardization, expert opinion aggregation, and prior weight acquisition. Additionally, various extensions of OPA have emerged, such as fuzzy OPA (Sadeghi et al, 2023;Zhao et al, 2024), rough OPA (Du et al, 2023;Kucuksari et al, 2023), Grey OPA (Mahmoudi et al, 2021), and robust OPA (Mahmoudi et al, 2022a) for handling decision data uncertainty, DGRA-OPA (Wang, 2024) and TOPSIS-OPA (Mahmoudi et al, 2022b) for addressing large-scale group decision-making, and partial OPA (Wang et al, 2024) for managing potential Pareto dominance. Consequently, OPA has garnered increasing attention recently and has been applied across various domains, including sustainable transportation evaluation (Pamucar et al, 2022), supplier evaluation (Mahmoudi et al, 2021;Mahmoudi and Javed, 2022), blockchain analysis (Sadeghi et al, 2023;Zhao et al, 2024), project portfolio selection (Mahmoudi et al, 2022a), and emergency recovery planning (Wang, 2024).…”