A Hybrid Interweave–Underlay Countrywide Millimeter-Wave Spectrum Access and Reuse Technique for CR Indoor Small Cells in 5G/6G Era

Saha, Rony Kumer

doi:10.3390/s20143979

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In addition to Table V, the detailed simulation parameters and assumptions used to evaluate the system-level performances can be found in [40], [44], which are in line with the recommendations from the standardization bodies. BS transmission power and coverage, channel model, antenna gain and pattern, UE speed, and TTI are considered for the 3GPP E-UTRA simulation case 3 [40], [44], [47]. Further, though there exists a number of high-frequency bands for 5G and beyond systems, we consider the 28 GHz bands as it has already been adopted in practical 5G networks in several countries [48].…”

Section: A Default Parameters and Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In TD, FD, and PD for CFSA, following SESA and FUSA [44], we also consider that each combination of the coexistence of small cell UEs of interferer MNOs O\o with a small cell UE of an MNO o in an apartment is equally likely during any observation time Q  This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication.…”

Section: ) Td and Fd Spectrum Sharingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, for interweave spectrum access m , for underlay spectrum access r an increase in the number of interferers, i.e., small cell UEs of MNOs O\o, the aggregate interference from one small cell to another increase. This causes, unlike SESA and FUSA, the transmission power r P of each small cell of all MNOs in CFSA to be adjusted as follows such that the aggregate interference power does not exceed the interference threshold (i.e., the maximum value of CCI power) m I [44].…”

Section: ) Td and Fd Spectrum Sharingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Millimeter-Wave Spectrum Utilization Improvement in Multi-Operator Networks: A Framework Using the Equal Likelihood Criterion

Saha

2021

IEEE Access

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In this paper, we present a framework to give a comprehensive review of how to improve the spectrum utilization of millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems using indoor small cells in multi-operator network scenarios. More specifically, the framework concerns with the improvement of the utilization of the 28 GHz mmWave spectrum allocated to an arbitrary number of mobile network operators (MNOs) in a country using numerous spectrum allocation techniques, namely Static and Equal Spectrum Allocation (SESA), Flexible and Unequal Spectrum Allocation (FUSA), and Countrywide Full Spectrum Allocation (CFSA). A number of spectrum utilization improvement mechanisms such as spectrum trading, spectrum sharing, and spectrum reusing are then exploited into SESA, FUSA, and CFSA techniques in four majorinterconnected domains, including time, frequency, power, and space. Using the Equal Likelihood Criterion and the properties of left-justified Pascal's triangle, the average capacity, spectral efficiency (SE), and energy efficiency (EE) performance metrics for each spectrum allocation technique in each domain are derived. Extensive system-level numerical and simulation results and analyses are carried out to evaluate the performance of each technique in each domain for example scenario of a country with four MNOs. Overall, it is shown that, in the power-domain, CFSA outperforms SESA and FUSA (when operating either at the interweave or at the underlay spectrum access technique), whereas, in the time-domain and frequency-domain, SESA and FUSA outperform CFSA, in terms of the average capacity, SE, and EE. Finally, we show that CFSA in the power-domain outperforms SESA and FUSA operating in any domain to achieve the prospective SE and EE requirements for the sixth generation (6G) mobile networks.

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Section: A Default Parameters and Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: ) Td and Fd Spectrum Sharingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Td and Fd Spectrum Sharingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Millimeter-Wave Spectrum Utilization Improvement in Multi-Operator Networks: A Framework Using the Equal Likelihood Criterion

Saha

2021

IEEE Access

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“…Moreover, a number of existing researches have addressed already the hybrid or joint interweave-underlay spectrum access technique. For example, the author in [15] has proposed a novel hybrid interweave-underlay spectrum access and reuse technique for the countrywide full 28 GHz spectrum. Moreover, in [16], a hybrid underlay-interweave mode enabled cognitive radio network (CRN) scheme, and in [17], a hybrid interweave-underlay spectrum access scheme in the 5 GHz has been proposed.…”

Section: Related Work and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power‐Domain Based Dynamic Millimeter‐Wave Spectrum Access Techniques for In‐Building Small Cells in Multioperator Cognitive Radio Networks toward 6G

Saha

2021

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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Power-domain based dynamic spectrum access (PDSA) techniques are proposed for sharing 28 GHz spectrum of any Mobile Network Operator (MNO) with in-building small cells (SCs) of the other countrywide. By controlling the transmission power of SCs, PDSA techniques explore the traditional interweave access by operating an SC at the maximum transmission power and the underlay access by allowing to operate an SC at a lowered transmission power separately, as well as jointly. Average capacity, spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, cost efficiency, and throughput per SC user equipment (UE) are derived for an arbitrary number of MNOs in a country. By varying the spectrum reuse factor for the millimeter-wave spectrum in each building of SCs, extensive numerical and simulation results and analyses for an illustrative scenario of a country consisting of four MNOs are carried out for the interweave and underlay techniques when applying separately, as well as the hybrid interweave-underlay technique and the static licensed spectrum allocation (SLSA) technique. It is shown that, due to gaining more shared spectra, the hybrid interweave-underlay technique provides the best, whereas the SLSA provides the worst, performances of all techniques in terms of the average capacity, spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, cost efficiency, and throughput per UE of an SC. Moreover, we show that the hybrid interweave-underlay technique, the interweave technique, and the underlay technique, respectively, can satisfy the expected requirements of spectral and energy efficiencies for Sixth-Generation (6G) networks by reusing each MNO’s 28 GHz spectrum to SCs of about 33.33%, 50%, and 50% less number of buildings than that required by the SLSA for a spectrum reuse factor of six per building of small cells.

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“…The global mobile data traffic will reach up to five zettabytes by 2030 according to the International Telecommunication Union’s (ITU) forecast [ 3 ]. The direct way to resolve the shortage of the current occupied spectrum of mobile network operators is a spectrum extension to the unoccupied range [ 4 ]. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has granted the 95 GHz to 3 THz frequency band for 6G research [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wideband Channel Characterization for 6G Networks in Industrial Environments

Al-Samman

Mohamed

Cheffena

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Wireless data traffic has increased significantly due to the rapid growth of smart terminals and evolving real-time technologies. With the dramatic growth of data traffic, the existing cellular networks including Fifth-Generation (5G) networks cannot fully meet the increasingly rising data rate requirements. The Sixth-Generation (6G) mobile network is expected to achieve the high data rate requirements of new transmission technologies and spectrum. This paper presents the radio channel measurements to study the channel characteristics of 6G networks in the 107–109 GHz band in three different industrial environments. The path loss, K-factor, and time dispersion parameters are investigated. Two popular path loss models for indoor environments, the close-in free space reference distance (CI) and floating intercept (FI), are used to examine the path loss. The mean excess delay (MED) and root mean squared delay spread (RMSDS) are used to investigate the time dispersion of the channel. The path loss results show that the CI and FI models fit the measured data well in all industrial settings with a path loss exponent (PLE) of 1.6–2. The results of the K-factor show that the high value in industrial environments at the sub-6 GHz band still holds well in our measured environments at a high frequency band above 100 GHz. For the time dispersion parameters, it is found that most of the received signal energy falls in the early delay bins. This work represents a first step to establish the feasibility of using 6G networks operating above 100 GHz for industrial applications.

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A Hybrid Interweave–Underlay Countrywide Millimeter-Wave Spectrum Access and Reuse Technique for CR Indoor Small Cells in 5G/6G Era

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Millimeter-Wave Spectrum Utilization Improvement in Multi-Operator Networks: A Framework Using the Equal Likelihood Criterion

Millimeter-Wave Spectrum Utilization Improvement in Multi-Operator Networks: A Framework Using the Equal Likelihood Criterion

Power‐Domain Based Dynamic Millimeter‐Wave Spectrum Access Techniques for In‐Building Small Cells in Multioperator Cognitive Radio Networks toward 6G

Wideband Channel Characterization for 6G Networks in Industrial Environments

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