A hybrid CPU/GPU Scheme for Optimizing ChaCha20 Stream Cipher

Wang, Ziheng; Chen, Heng; Cai, Weiling

doi:10.1109/ispa-bdcloud-socialcom-sustaincom52081.2021.00161

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Developing a cryptographic algorithm plays a significant role in giving guarantees of the security of data, information, privacy perspective, digital transactions, and secure communication in networks. Recently, Chacha20 has seen widespread adoption due to its efficiency and supposed security [37,38,39]. While it has gained this adoption, from a research perspective, there is a need for continuous exploration in cryptography.…”

Section: Preliminaries a Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended-Chacha20 Stream Cipher With Enhanced Quarter Round Function

Kebande

2023

IEEE Access

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Chacha20 is a widely-used stream cipher known for using permutation functions to enhance resistance against cryptanalysis. Although the existing literature highlights its strengths, it is worth further exploring its susceptibility to potential differential attacks. This paper proposes an Extended Chacha20 (EChacha20) stream cipher, which offers a slight improvement of Chacha20. It incorporates enhanced Quarter Round Functions QR − F with 32-bit input words and Add, Rotate, and XOR (ARX) operations on 16, 12, 8, 7, 4, and 2 constants. Using these improved QR − F s, we expect EChacha20 to be more secure and effective against attacks than Chacha20. The threat model considers attacker assumptions based on Bellare-Rogaway Model (B-RM) and the Chosen Plaintext Attack (CPA) to assess the potential security weaknesses. Then the study analyzes the EChacha20 cipher using the NIST Statistical Test Suite (NSTS) and demonstrates its effectiveness against differential cryptanalysis. A differential attack is considered to address this challenge, where the study comprehensively analyses the differences between original and flipped bits. The NSTS has been used to analyze the outcome for uniformity statistically and to evaluate the randomness of generating sequences of tests with consideration of 1000 tests based on a range of [0, 1]. Uniformity is evaluated based on the p − values test against a battery of passing sequences and 100% is achieved from Runs and Serial(2) : T est 1 respectively.The performance evaluation metrics leveraged include encryption speed, decryption speed, and memory usage. Based on the test conducted, it has been observed that with increased QR − F , EChacha20 maintains a good balance in speed although slightly higher than Chacha20; however, with also slightly high memory usage compared to Chacha20. Despite that, a comparative study has been conducted against state-of-the-art studies, and the outcome has been reported to show the significance of the current study. Ultimately, the outcome indicates that the EChacha20 cipher has improved QR − F and security properties compared to Chacha20 and may provide a more robust encryption solution for various applications.

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Section: Preliminaries a Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended-Chacha20 Stream Cipher With Enhanced Quarter Round Function

Kebande

2023

IEEE Access

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“…However, our attempts did not yield any significant improvement. We also followed advice presented in [WCC21] in an attempt to optimize the timings. Specifically, we use the inline Parallel Thread Execution (PTX) techniques to consolidate the operations of every half quarter or every quarter round.…”

Section: 5-round and 2-round Differential-linear Distinguishersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting Differential-Linear Cryptanalysis of ChaCha7 with MILP

Bellini

Gerault

Grados

et al. 2023

ToSC

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In this paper, we present an improved differential-linear cryptanalysis of the ChaCha stream cipher. Our main contributions are new differential-linear distinguishers that we were able to build thanks to the following improvements: a) we considered a larger search space, including 2-bit differences (besides 1-bit differences) for the difference at the beginning of the differential part of the differential-linear trail; b) a better choice of mask between the differential and linear parts; c) a carefully crafted MILP tool that finds linear trails with higher correlation for the linear part. We eventually obtain a new distinguisher for ChaCha reduced to 7 rounds that requires 2166.89 computations, improving the previous record (ASIACRYPT 2022) by a factor of 247. Also, we obtain a distinguisher for ChaCha reduced to 7.5 rounds that requires 2251.4 computations, being the first time of a distinguisher against ChaCha reduced to 7.5 rounds. Using our MILP tool, we also found a 5-round differential-linear distinguisher. When combined with the probabilistic neutral bits (PNB) framework, we obtain a key-recovery attack on ChaCha reduced to 7 rounds with a computational complexity of 2206.8, improving by a factor 214.2 upon the recent result published at EUROCRYPT 2022.

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“…VOLUME 11, 2023 F. RELATED WORK Currently, research on implementing a cryptographic algorithm using AVX512 SIMD instructions is ongoing. For example, Wang et al investigated the ChaCha stream cipher algorithm via a hybrid computational format in a CPU/Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) platform [11]. They proposed a method to optimize the ChaCha stream encryption algorithm using AVX-512 instructions on a CPU platform.…”

Section: E Target Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

AVX512Crypto: Parallel Implementations of Korean Block Ciphers Using AVX-512

Choi

Seo

2023

IEEE Access

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Cryptographic algorithms are widely used as the foundation of various security systems and applications (e.g., secure communication, blockchain systems, and cloud services). A block cipher is an essential cryptographic algorithm to achieve confidentiality. This paper proposes parallel implementations of Korean block ciphers using Advanced Vector eXtension (AVX)-512, which is a new Single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) instruction set that has recently been integrated into several high-end Intel central processing unit (CPU). Target algorithms are LEA, HIGHT, and CHAM block ciphers. Additionally, this paper also proposes applicable implementing techniques, which are designed for each algorithm. These enable to use of parallel processing instructions in AVX-512 properly for each algorithm. The proposed 256 resp.)implementation demonstrates a performance improvement of 506.09% (323.31%, 386.76% resp.) compared to the reference code, and our HIGHT implementation exhibits a performance improvement of 520.88% compared to the reference code. In addition, CHAM-64/128 (128/256 resp.) implementation shows a performance improvement of 1,325.81% (833.61% resp.) compared to the reference code. In addition, we measured the performance with a 32MB long message. 256 resp.) implementation showed an improvement of 556.32% (594.74%, 615.38% resp.) compared with the reference code. Also, HIGHT implementation showed 834.40%, and CHAM showed 1,332.40% (832.86% resp.) for CHAM-64/128 (CHAM-128/256 resp.), compared by the reference code. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first result of the study to optimize Korean cryptographic algorithms using the AVX-512 instruction set. The proposed methods can effectively be used in Addition, Rotation, and XOR (ARX)-based cryptographic algorithms, enabling efficient cryptographic algorithm processing in various environments such as hashbased signatures, service environments, gateway, and edge computing.INDEX TERMS AVX-512, block cipher, LEA, HIGHT, CHAM, parallel processing, SIMD.

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A hybrid CPU/GPU Scheme for Optimizing ChaCha20 Stream Cipher

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Extended-Chacha20 Stream Cipher With Enhanced Quarter Round Function

Extended-Chacha20 Stream Cipher With Enhanced Quarter Round Function

Boosting Differential-Linear Cryptanalysis of ChaCha7 with MILP

AVX512Crypto: Parallel Implementations of Korean Block Ciphers Using AVX-512

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