“…where, T s measured (i, j) is the temperature at location (i, j) determined from solution of the direct problem with the exact boundary heat flux (or measured temperature in case of experiments) and r is the standard deviation of the measurement error which is assumed same for all the measurements [25,74,75]. Standard deviation (r) is related to the measured temperature and its value depends on accuracy of the measuring instrument (thermocouple) and other factors.…”