“…The hybrid technique combines the advantages of open heart surgery and interventional cardiac catheterization. It is carried out by performing intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography-guided transthoracic occlusion via a small incision in the left portion of the chest close to the ductus arteriosus (4,5). However, despite the high accuracy of the technique, residual PDA leakage remains a common complication after hybrid flap closure.…”