“…In recent years, meta-heuristic algorithms have been popular in dealing with various matters, such as real engineering design problems [1], [2], signal denoising [3], [4], DOA estimation [5], air quality indices and mathematical optimization problems [5], [6], and fault diagnosis [7]. These meta-heuristic algorithms have advantages in their simplicity and easy implementation process, whose core operations do not rely on gradient information of the objective landscape or on the algorithms' mathematical traits [2], [8].…”