A hybrid 5-axis CNC milling machine

Axis geometrical errors analysis through a performance test to evaluate kinematic error in a five axis tilting-rotary table machine tool

“…These models are then verified by means of specific experimental tests, employing direct measurement devices, such as ball bars [3], capacitance balls [4], laser interferometric devices [5] or master ball artifacts [6]. Many authors have developed kinematic or rigid-dynamic models for machine tools with linear [7] and rotary axes, or for even more complex architecture such as a parallel kinematic manipulator [8], in order to consider singularities, reversal characteristics and machine tool structure stiffness. The development of these analyses, such as rigid multi-body with uncompensated backlash drive or flexible joints allows to evaluate the tool-work piece displacement error caused by the imperfections of the machine tool axes.…”

A Multi-Tier Design Methodology for Reconfigurable Milling Machines

“…Hence, in this Tier, the variables are all the achievable combinations of RRMT configuration-part pairs. Equation (3) describes the optimization performed by Tier 3: 7, where, i and j are the mechanism indices, and t is the index for the discrete point. co; is the configuration for part l, (1=1, 2., k).…”

“…meso-parts are characterized by feature tolerance/object size that is smaller than 10-3 , and surface roughness of better than 100 nanometers [2], The growth in demand for 3D sculptured meso-scale parts [3], and the unique machining requirements of such parts, call for new methods to support the design of corre sponding RmMTs. subsequent design efforts, in which hybrid machine tools have been suggested, namely, combinations of PKMs with serial mech anisms [7]. Examples of machine tools that utilize hybrid/PKMs include the Ecospeed, the Metrom Pentapod, and the TriCenter [5].…”

Classification of manipulators of the same origin by virtue of compactness and complexity

“…When a mechanism or a machine is called compact (or complex), there are no solid guidelines to test against other mechanisms in terms of compactness. For example, Son et al [13] define parallel milling machines more compact compared to serial ones. Kim and Cho [14] also claim the compactness of their micro stage for vibration control.…”