A human tRNA<sup>Glu</sup>gene of high transcriptional activity

Goddard, John P.; Squire, Mike; Bienz, Mariann; Smith, John David

doi:10.1093/nar/11.9.2551

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…There is a mismatch present within the anticodon stem which is abnormal but not impossible. A similar mismatch has been reported for human tRNAG'" [45] and such a mismatch is also present in the tRNApdA gene from Dictyostelium (Dingermann and Sogin, unpublished). Furthermore the D-stem has only two base pairs while three or four are normal and within its long extra arm no significant base pairing occurs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Therefore the unusual arrangement of the tRNAval gene does not lead to very efficient transcription in the Xenopus germinal vesicle extract. Goddart et al reported recently a transcriptionally very active human tRNAG'" gene, which was also associated in its 5' flank with a tRNA-like structure [45]. This tRNA-like structure, however, did not overlap with the tRNAG'" gene nor was it cotranscribed with this gene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterisation of a Dictyostelium discoideum DNA fragment coding for a putative tRNA^Val_GUU gene.

Dingermann¹,

Bertling²,

Pistel³

et al. 1985

European Journal of Biochemistry

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A genomic DNA fragment from Dictyostelium discoideum was characterized. This DNA, although 74% d(A + T)‐rich, codes for a putative tRNAValGUU. The tRNAVal gene overlaps at its 5′ half with another RNA polymerase III transcription unit. This RNA polymerase III transcription unit can be folded into a tRNA‐like shape and is comprised of significant amounts of invariant and semi‐invariant nucleotides present in all eukaryotic tRNAs. This unit contains the two promoter blocks defined for RNA polymerase III, which are homologous to recently defined promoter elements to the extent of 76–88% (A block) and 86–93% (B block) respectively [Sharp et al. (1981) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 78, 6657–6661]. Both of the overlapping class III genes are transcribed in germinal vesicle extracts prepared from Xenopus laevis oocytes as a single transcription unit, resulting in an unusually large product compared to primary transcripts of other tRNA genes. The unit is not transcribed in HeLa extracts but it competes very strongly for transcription factor(s) under the conditions of stable transcription complex formation. Although the whole unit is transcribed, it is believed that only one functional product is formed. Therefore we define the tRNA‐like structure, coded for on this class III transcription unit, as a putative tRNA ‘pseudogene’ meaning that, although it is transcribed by RNA polymerase III, it is not likely to mature to a functional tRNA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of a Dictyostelium discoideum DNA fragment coding for a putative tRNA^Val_GUU gene.

Dingermann¹,

Bertling²,

Pistel³

et al. 1985

European Journal of Biochemistry

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“…pRH5.7 contains a human Alu gene (57). pGlu6 contains a human tRNA Glu gene (11). pTI contains the TATA box and initiator element of the adenovirus major late promoter (33).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitotic Regulation of a TATA-Binding-Protein-Containing Complex

White

Gottlieb

Downes

et al. 1995

Molecular and Cellular Biology

106

176

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The mitotic state is associated with a generalized repression of transcription. We show that mitotic repression of RNA polymerase III transcription can be reproduced by using extracts of synchronized HeLa cells. We have used this system to investigate the molecular basis of transcriptional repression during mitosis. We find a specific decrease in the activity of the TATA-binding-protein (TBP)-containing complex TFIIIB. TBP itself is hyperphosphorylated at mitosis, but this does not appear to account for the loss of TFIIIB activity. Instead, one or more TBP-associated components appear to be regulated. The data suggest that changes in the activity of TBP-associated components contribute to the coordinate repression of gene expression that occurs at mitosis.Nuclear transcription is repressed during mitosis (4,7,9,31,45,46). In mammalian cells, all RNA synthesis stops by midprophase before any disintegration of the nuclear membrane is apparent, and it does not resume again until late in telophase (31). This repression may be necessary to allow chromosomal condensation and division to occur without interference from the transcriptional apparatus. However, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for transcriptional inhibition at mitosis. An important step toward characterizing this process came with the recent demonstration that mitotic repression can be mimicked in vitro by using Xenopus egg extracts (15). Hartl et al. (15) showed that extracts shifted to a mitotic state by the addition of recombinant cyclin B exhibit a marked decrease in ability to transcribe tRNA or 5S RNA genes relative to untreated interphase extracts. This happens even if active transcription complexes are preassembled on the promoters of these genes (15). The in vitro inhibition does not require nucleosome deposition on the template and occurs in the presence of the topoisomerase II inhibitor VM-26, which prevents the complete assembly of chromosomes into metaphase structures. It appears to involve phosphorylation-dependent inactivation of one or more components of the transcription machinery that are required for tRNA and 5S RNA synthesis (15).tRNA and 5S RNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase III (Pol III). The proteins involved in this process have been studied extensively (reviewed in references 51 and 59). Recruitment of Pol III to specific promoter sites requires a factor called TFIIIB, which is a multisubunit complex containing the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and associated polypeptides (reviewed in references 16 and 34). Since most Pol III promoters contain no TATA sequence and cannot be recognized directly by TBP (19,22,53), TFIIIB is normally recruited via protein-protein interactions with an assembly factor called TFIIIC that binds downstream of the initiation site (reviewed in references 16, 51, and 59).We have investigated how the human Pol III transcription apparatus behaves at mitosis by comparing extracts made from asynchronous HeLa cells with those of cells synchronized in M phase of the active gro...

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“…pGlu6 contains a HindIII fragment including a human tRNA Glu gene inserted into pAT153 (28). pHu5S3.1 contains a 638-base pair BamHI-SacI fragment from human genomic DNA including a 5 S rRNA gene, inserted into pBluescript SKϩ from Stratagene (29).…”

Section: Plasmids-mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Role for TAF3B2 in the Repression of Human RNA Polymerase III Transcription in Nonproliferating Cells

Eichhorn

Jackson

2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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RNA polymerase III (Pol III) synthesizes various small RNA species, including the tRNAs and the 5 S ribosomal RNA, which are involved in protein synthesis. Here, we describe the regulation of human Pol III transcription in response to sustained cell cycle arrest. The experimental system used is a cell line in which cell cycle arrest is induced by the regulated expression of the tumor suppressor protein p53. We show that the capacity of cells to carry out Pol III transcription from various promoter types, when tested in vitro, is severely reduced in response to sustained p53-mediated cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, this effect does not appear to be due to direct inhibition by p53. By using complementation assays, we demonstrate that a subcomponent of the Pol III transcription factor IIIB, which contains the proteins TATA-binding protein and TAF3B2, is the target of repression. Moreover, we reveal that TAF3B2 levels are markedly reduced in extracts from cell cycle-arrested cells because of a decrease in TAF3B2 protein stability. These findings provide a novel mechanism of Pol III regulation and yield insights into how cellular biosynthetic capacity and growth status can be coordinated.

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A human tRNA^Glugene of high transcriptional activity

Cited by 35 publications

References 29 publications

Characterisation of a Dictyostelium discoideum DNA fragment coding for a putative tRNA^Val_GUU gene.

Characterisation of a Dictyostelium discoideum DNA fragment coding for a putative tRNA^Val_GUU gene.

Mitotic Regulation of a TATA-Binding-Protein-Containing Complex

A Role for TAF3B2 in the Repression of Human RNA Polymerase III Transcription in Nonproliferating Cells

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A human tRNAGlugene of high transcriptional activity

Cited by 35 publications

References 29 publications

Characterisation of a Dictyostelium discoideum DNA fragment coding for a putative tRNAValGUU gene.

Characterisation of a Dictyostelium discoideum DNA fragment coding for a putative tRNAValGUU gene.

Mitotic Regulation of a TATA-Binding-Protein-Containing Complex

A Role for TAF3B2 in the Repression of Human RNA Polymerase III Transcription in Nonproliferating Cells

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A human tRNA^Glugene of high transcriptional activity

Characterisation of a Dictyostelium discoideum DNA fragment coding for a putative tRNA^Val_GUU gene.

Characterisation of a Dictyostelium discoideum DNA fragment coding for a putative tRNA^Val_GUU gene.