A housekeeper with power of attorney: the rRNA genes in ribosome biogenesis

Moss, Tom; Langlois, Frédèric; Gagnon-Kugler, Thérèse; Stefanovsky, Victor Y.

doi:10.1007/s00018-006-6278-1

Cited by 266 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 237 publications

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“…In mammalian cells, a rate-limiting step in controlling growth and proliferation is the availability of ribosomes (7,8). Ribosome biogenesis is a complex and tightly regulated process requiring the activity of all three RNA polymerases and the synthesis and coordinated assembly of multiple proteins and specific rRNAs (9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Suboptimal T-cell receptor signaling compromises protein translation, ribosome biogenesis, and proliferation of mouse CD8 T cells

Tan

Knight

Sbarrato

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Global transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of T cells have been rich sources of unbiased data for understanding T-cell activation. Lack of full concordance of these datasets has illustrated that important facets of T-cell activation are controlled at the level of translation. We undertook translatome analysis of CD8 T-cell activation, combining polysome profiling and microarray analysis. We revealed that altering T-cell receptor stimulation influenced recruitment of mRNAs to heavy polysomes and translation of subsets of genes. A major pathway that was compromised, when TCR signaling was suboptimal, was linked to ribosome biogenesis, a rate-limiting factor in both cell growth and proliferation. Defective TCR signaling affected transcription and processing of ribosomal RNA precursors, as well as the translation of specific ribosomal proteins and translation factors. Mechanistically, IL-2 production was compromised in weakly stimulated T cells, affecting the abundance of Myc protein, a known regulator of ribosome biogenesis. Consequently, weakly activated T cells showed impaired production of ribosomes and a failure to maintain proliferative capacity after stimulation. We demonstrate that primary T cells respond to various environmental cues by regulating ribosome biogenesis and mRNA translation at multiple levels to sustain proliferation and differentiation.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Suboptimal T-cell receptor signaling compromises protein translation, ribosome biogenesis, and proliferation of mouse CD8 T cells

Tan

Knight

Sbarrato

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…There are hundreds, and sometimes thousands, of nearly identical rRNA genes in eukaryotic genomes, yet not all genes are needed at all times. Instead, the number of active rRNA genes varies during development depending on the need for ribosomes and protein synthesis (3)(4)(5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Selective nucleolus organizer inactivation in Arabidopsis is a chromosome position-effect phenomenon

Mohannath

Pontvianne

Pikaard

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) are chromosomal loci where hundreds of rRNA genes are clustered. Despite being nearly identical in sequence, specific rRNA genes are selected for silencing during development via choice mechanism(s) that remain unclear. In Arabidopsis thaliana, rRNA gene subtypes that are silenced during development were recently mapped to the NOR on chromosome 2, NOR2, whereas active rRNA genes map to NOR4, on chromosome 4. In a mutant line deficient for ATXR5 or ATXR6-dependent histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) monomethylation, we show that millions of base pairs of chromosome 4, including the telomere, TEL4N, and much of NOR4, have been converted to the corresponding sequences of chromosome 2. This genomic change places rRNA genes of NOR2, which are normally silenced, at the position on chromosome 4 where active rRNA genes are normally located. At their new location, NOR2-derived rRNA genes escape silencing, independent of the atxr mutations, indicating that selective rRNA gene silencing is chromosome 2-specific. The chromosome 2 position effect is not explained by the NOR2-associated telomere, TEL2N, which remains linked to the translocated NOR, implicating centromere-proximal sequences in silencing.

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“…Their transcripts, generated by RNA polymerase I (Pol I) in the nucleolus, are processed into the 18S, 5.8S, and 25-28S (depending on species) catalytic RNAs of ribosomes (Moss et al 2007;Kressler et al 2010;Hannan et al 2013). The number of active 45S rRNA genes changes with the physiological needs of the cell (McStay and Grummt 2008;Tucker et al 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Subnuclear partitioning of rRNA genes between the nucleolus and nucleoplasm reflects alternative epiallelic states

et al. 2013

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Eukaryotes can have thousands of 45S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, many of which are silenced during development. Using fluorescence-activated sorting techniques, we show that active rRNA genes in Arabidopsis thaliana are present within sorted nucleoli, whereas silenced rRNA genes are excluded. DNA methyltransferase (met1), histone deacetylase (hda6), or chromatin assembly (caf1) mutants that disrupt silencing abrogate this nucleoplasmic-nucleolar partitioning. Bisulfite sequencing data indicate that active nucleolar rRNA genes are nearly completely demethylated at promoter CGs, whereas silenced genes are nearly fully methylated. Collectively, the data reveal that rRNA genes occupy distinct but changeable nuclear territories according to their epigenetic state.

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A housekeeper with power of attorney: the rRNA genes in ribosome biogenesis

Cited by 266 publications

References 237 publications

Suboptimal T-cell receptor signaling compromises protein translation, ribosome biogenesis, and proliferation of mouse CD8 T cells

Suboptimal T-cell receptor signaling compromises protein translation, ribosome biogenesis, and proliferation of mouse CD8 T cells

Selective nucleolus organizer inactivation in Arabidopsis is a chromosome position-effect phenomenon

Subnuclear partitioning of rRNA genes between the nucleolus and nucleoplasm reflects alternative epiallelic states

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