A Host-Seeking Stimulant for the Egg Parasite Trichogramma evanescens:1 Its Source and a Demonstration of Its Laboratory and Field Activity2, 3

Lewis, W. J.; Jones, Richard L.; Sparks, Alton N.

doi:10.1093/aesa/65.5.1087

Cited by 105 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…Several species of parasites have been suggested as possible biological control agents for stored-product moths (Corbet & Rotheram, 1965 ;Press et al, 1982 ;Reinert & King, 1971 ;Takahashi, 1973), but until recently no one had suggested using species of Trichogramma (Brower, 1983). Data in this paper and in others (Benoit &Voegel6, 1979 ;Lewis et al 1972 ;Farghaly, 1975 ;Voegel6 et al, 1974) suggest that T. evanescens might be useful in manipulation and/or suppression of stored-product moth populations. This species parasitizes eggs of at least 8 species of stored-product moths, and may preferentially attack fertile eggs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…evanescens is known to parasitize a large number of lepidopteran hosts (Boldt et al, 1973 ;Salt, 1938Salt, , 1940 and it is often chosen for experimental or actual attempted control of field crop lepidopteran pests (Parker & Pinnell, 1972 ;Ridgway & V'mson, 1977). This species has been reared on several species of stored-product hosts including the AGM (Boldt & Ma~ton, 1974 ;Salt, 1940), the AM (Lewis et aL, 1972), the MFM (Voegel6 et al, 1974), rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Narayanan & Mookherjee, 1956), and greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) (Boldt & Marston, 1974 ;Salt, 1940). The present study has demonstrated that 5 species of stored-product pyralid moths are good to excellent hosts for T. evanescens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eggs of stored-product lepidoptera as hosts forTrichogramma evanescens [Hym.: Trichogrammatidae]

Brower

1983

Entomophaga

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Eggs were collected from Anagasta kiiehniella (Zeller), Ephest~a cautella (Walker), E. elutella, (Hiibner), E. figulilella (Gregson), and Plodia interpunctella (Hiibner) and exposed to adults of the egg parasite, Trichogramma evanescens Westwood, in a free choice experiment. Host eggs were ranked by decreasing percentages of parasitization as follows : E. elutella > E. cautella > E. figulilella > A. kiiehniella > P. interpunctella. Differences in percent parasitization were not significant between Ephestia spp., but A. kiiehniella and P. interpunctella were parasitized significantly less often. Average percentage egg hatch after exposure to Trichogramma ranged from 5.0 to 9.3 %, except for Plodia where it averaged 33.3 %. It appears that inundative releases of Trichogramrna into commodity storages could play an important role in suppression of stored-product moth populations.The use of polyphagous egg parasites in the genus Trichogramma for the control of various species of orchard and field crop Lepidoptera has received much attention (Parker & Pinnell, 1972 ; Ridgway & V'mson, 1977 ;Stinner, 1977). Very large numbers of Trichogramma adults are required for inundative releases to suppress established populations of moths in field crops or orchards. Methods of producing the large numbers of Trichogramma required are almost always dependent on use of a stored-product moth host, such as the Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealetla (Olivier) (Grimm & Lawrence, 1975 ; Hassan, i981 ;Morrison et al., 1976) or the Mediterranean flour moth, Anagasta kfiehniella (Zeller) (Daumal et aL, 1975). Therefore, it is surprising that use of Trichogramma to control stored-product moth pests has not been suggested before.Several species of pyralid moths attack a wide variety of raw and processed, stored agricultural commodities. The most important of these pests are the Mediterranean flour moth (MFM), Anagasta (Ephestia) kfiehniella (Zeller) ; the almond moth (AM), Ephestia cautella (Walker) ; the tobacco moth (TM), E. elutella (Hiibner) ; the raisin moth (RM), E. figulilella (Gregson) ; and the Indian meal moth (IMM), Plodia interpunctella (Hiibner). These species usually cause the major weight loss in infested agricultural commodities and contribute significantly to loss in quality and value of commodities during storage. These species of moths are major targets of chemical control efforts, and therefore, they have developed very high levels of resistance to most of the commonly used pesticides and fumigants (Atria et al., 1981 ; Cl~amp, 1978 ; Zettler, 1982). For these reasons, a variety of biological control methods are being investigated to determine their potential as replacements for chemical pesticides. As part of this effort, the use of Trichogramma evanescens (Westwood) as a biological control agent for suppression 356 J.H. BROWER of stored-product pyralid moth populations is being evaluated. Although this parasite is known to attack a wide variety of field crop moths (Salt, 1935(Salt, , 1938(Salt, , 1940 and several sp...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eggs of stored-product lepidoptera as hosts forTrichogramma evanescens [Hym.: Trichogrammatidae]

Brower

1983

Entomophaga

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“…While the identification of several short range kairomones important in host selection and host recognition by T. chilonis have been identified, viz., moth scales (Lewis et al, 1972) and host accessory gland secretions (Noldus and van Lenteren, 1985;Zaborski et al, 1987), the importance of plant volatiles in searching and host location behavior of T. chilonis has largely been ignored. In recent years, there has been an increasing evidence suggesting the role of induced plant defenses serving tritrophic interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Trichogramma chilonis to infochemicals: an SEM and electrophysiological investigation

et al. 2005

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The external morphology and peripheral olfactory responses of antennal chemoreceptors of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae) to host related stimuli were examined by SEM and EAG technique respectively. The antennae of male and female T. chilonis reveal strong sexual dimorphism in structure as well as in types, density and distribution of individual sensillar types. The female antennae are characterized by the presence of a single uniporous sensilla on the apical tip of the dome and numerous multiporous pitted sensilla. Sensilla common to both males and females include the multiporous plate sensilla, the peg sensilla and trichoid sensilla. Differences between males and females occur with respect to their EAG profiles to 22 chemicals commonly found in plants viz.leaf extracts of three host plants of Helicoverpa armigera (cotton, chickpea and pigeon pea) and hexane scale extracts of adult males and females of H. armigera. Individually, the largest peak amplitudes in females were obtained with citronellal, phytol, caryophyllene, R-(+)-limonene, linalool, carvacrol and citronellol while in males citronellol, caryophyllene, linalool, R-(+)-limonene and amyl acetate caused the highest response. Among the different chemical classes, the largest peak amplitudes in females were obtained with oxygenated monoterpenes, while in males, fatty acid derivatives caused the highest response. In both males and females, the hydrocarbon monoterpenes caused the least response. Thus, the wide spectrum response of Trichogramma chilonis, to a wide group of chemicals belonging to different chemical classes, though varying, nevertheless suggests that using plant information enhances its parasitization efficiency.

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“…Then, this subject was left unexplored up to the early 1970ś, when Lewis and collaborators initiated in-depth studies on the role of scale kairomones on the behavioral ecology of Trichogramma. They demonstrated that wing scales were the kairomonal source, and that hexane extracts of scales sprayed over the plant could increase the likelihood of a host encounter and, consequently, the rate of parasitism (Lewis et al 1972). The role of scale extracts on wasp's efficacy has been reported for several species of this genus, such as Trichogramma nubilale Ertle and Davis and Trichogramma chilonis Ischii Jones 1989, Boo andYang 2000).…”

Section: Host Adult Scales and Tracesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Host Searching by Egg Parasitoids: Exploitation of Host Chemical Cues

Colazza

Peri

Salerno

et al. 2009

Egg Parasitoids in Agroecosystems With Emphasis on Trichogramma

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A Host-Seeking Stimulant for the Egg Parasite Trichogramma evanescens:1 Its Source and a Demonstration of Its Laboratory and Field Activity2, 3

Cited by 105 publications

References 0 publications

Eggs of stored-product lepidoptera as hosts forTrichogramma evanescens [Hym.: Trichogrammatidae]

Eggs of stored-product lepidoptera as hosts forTrichogramma evanescens [Hym.: Trichogrammatidae]

Response of Trichogramma chilonis to infochemicals: an SEM and electrophysiological investigation

Host Searching by Egg Parasitoids: Exploitation of Host Chemical Cues

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