“…Among the programs reporting sex, female students were consistently the majority enrolled, and in seven (28%) of the programs, women students accounted for more than 80% of the accepted cohort. 22,23,25,26,29,34,35 Since 1996, University of California-based programs 27 could not collect race or ethnicity data as part of recruitment because of legal limitations (eg, challenges to affirmative action) and therefore relied on other metrics such as identification residential ZIP codes or income to serve as markers for underrepresented status. 31 Four (16%) programs deliberately partnered with minority-serving organizations such as local historically Black colleges and universities.…”